%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% The following examples could be used for students or for any other purposes. \\ [10pt]\pgfPTMbuildcell(8,3)[(1;1.4-2.8;Z),(1;3;radio),(2-3;1.5-3.5;CS),(4.2;1-3;name), % (5.4;1-3;Ar),(6.5;1-3;eDist),(7.55-8.95;1-2.25;DiscC),(7.55-8.95;2.25-3.8;DiscY)% ]% \pgfPTbuildcell(8,3)[% (1;1.4-2.8;Z),(1;3;radio),% (2-3;1.5-3.5;CS),(4.2;1-3;name),% (5.4;1-3;Ar),(6.5;1-3;eDist),% (7.55-8.95;1-2.25;DiscC),% (7.55-8.95;2.25-3.8;DiscY)% ]% \\ [-4pt]\pgfPTMmacrobox{pgfPT}[]% \\ [10pt]\makebox[\linewidth][c]{\scalebox{.6}{\pgfPT}}% \vfill%\\ [10pt] \pgfPTMmacrobox{pgfPT}[eDist color=blue!70!black,Ar precision=2,DiscC font=\string\fontsize{4}{4}\string\selectfont,DiscY font=\string\fontsize{4}{4}\string\selectfont\string\bfseries] \\ [10pt]\makebox[\linewidth][c]{\scalebox{.6}{\pgfPT[eDist color=blue!70!black,Ar precision=2,DiscC font=\fontsize{4}{4}\selectfont,DiscY font=\fontsize{4}{4}\selectfont\bfseries]}}% \newpage% \pgfPTMbuildcell(8,3)[(1;1-2;Z),(1;3;radio),(2-3;1-3;CS),(4;1-3;name),(5;1-2.5;Ar),(5;2.5-3;spectra), % (7;1-2.5;DiscY),(7;2.5-3;DiscC),(8;1-3;eDist)% ]% \pgfPTbuildcell(8,3)[% (1;1-2;Z),(1;3;radio),% (2-3;1-3;CS),(4;1-3;name),% (5;1-2.5;Ar),(5;2.5-3;spectra),% (7;1-2.5;DiscY),(7;2.5-3;DiscC),% (8;1-3;eDist)% ]% \\ [-4pt]\pgfPTMmacrobox{pgfPT}[csPS,Ar label=w,background={left color=black!20}]% \\ [10pt]\makebox[\linewidth][c]{\scalebox{.6}{\pgfPT[csPS,Ar label=w,background={left color=black!20}]}}% \vfill% \pgfPTMbuildcell(8,3)[(1;1-3;Z),(1;3;radio),(2-3;1.5-3.5;CS),(4.2;1-3;name),(5.4;1-3;Ar), % (6.5;1-3;eConfignl),(7.55-8.95;1-2.45;DiscC),(7.55-8.95;2.45-3;DiscY)% ]% \pgfPTbuildcell(8,3)[% (1;1-3;Z),(1;3;radio),% (2-3;1.5-3.5;CS),(4.2;1-3;name),% (5.4;1-3;Ar),% (6.5;1-3;eConfignl),% (7.55-8.95;1-2.45;DiscC),% (7.55-8.95;2.45-3;DiscY)% ]% \\ [-4pt]\pgfPTMmacrobox{pgfPT}[eConfignl color=blue!70!black,Ar precision=2,DiscC font=\string\fontsize{4}{4}\string\selectfont,DiscY font=\string\fontsize{4}{4}\string\selectfont\string\bfseries]% \\ [10pt]\makebox[\linewidth][c]{\scalebox{.6}{\pgfPT[eConfignl color=blue!70!black,Ar precision=2,DiscC font=\fontsize{4}{4}\selectfont,DiscY font=\fontsize{4}{4}\selectfont\bfseries]}}% \newpage% \pgfPTresetcell% \pgfPTPeriodColors{period}{P5=red!20}% \pgfPTGroupColors{group}{G14=green!20}% \pgfPTCScombine{period,group,mix}% \pgfPTMlibexample{% \textbf{\bs{usepgfPTlibrary}\lb\red{colorschemes}\rb}% \\ \bs{pgfPTPeriodColors}\lb\red{period}\rb\lb\red{P5=red!20}\rb% \\ \bs{pgfPTGroupColors}\lb\red{group}\rb\lb\red{G14=green!20}\rb% \\ \bs{pgfPTCScombine}\lb\red{period,group,mix}\rb% \\ \pgfPTMmacro{pgfPT}[back color scheme=mix,show title=false]% }{% \scalebox{.6}{\pgfPT[back color scheme=mix,show title=false]}% \\ In the Periodic Table, a row is called a \textbf{\textcolor{red!40}{period}} and a column is called a \textbf{\textcolor{green!40}{group}}. }% ----- \newpage\ % \vfill% \pgfPTbuildcell(8,3)[% (1;1-3;Z),(1;3;radio),% (2-3;1.5-3.5;CS),(4.2;1-3;name),% (5.4;1-3;Ar),% (6.5;1-3;eDist),% (7.55-8.95;1-2.45;DiscC),% (7.55-8.95;2.45-3;DiscY)% ]% \pgfdeclarelayer{back}\pgfsetlayers{back,main} \def\grupo[#1][#2] #3{% \begin{tikzpicture}[inner xsep=0pt] \node[below left,text width=1.75cm,text centered] (figura) at (0,0) % {\scalebox{.5}{\pgfPT[show title=false,show label LaAc=true,show legend=false,back color scheme=MNM,% font=Roboto-TLF,CS font=\fontfamily{RobotoSlab-TLF}\bfseries\large,eDist color=blue!70!black,% DiscC font=\fontsize{4}{4}\selectfont,DiscY font=\fontsize{4}{4}\selectfont\bfseries,% name font=\fontseries{l}\fontsize{6pt}{6pt}\selectfont,name color=red!50!black,% Ar precision=2,Z list=G#2]}};% \node[right,text width={\linewidth-2.25cm}] (descricao) at (figura.east) {#1\\ [4pt]#3}; \draw[draw=none,left color=black!20,right color=black!60] (figura.north west) rectangle ++(\linewidth,2pt); \draw[draw=none,left color=black!20,right color=black!60] (figura.south west) rectangle ++(\linewidth,-2pt); \begin{pgfonlayer}{back} \draw[draw=none,left color=black!20,right color=black!60,opacity=.25] (figura.north west) rectangle ([xshift=\linewidth]figura.south west); \end{pgfonlayer} \end{tikzpicture} }% \tcexemplo[Representative elements: element families]{% For the \textbf{\textit{representative elements}} (groups \textbf{1}, \textbf{2} and \textbf{13} to \textbf{18}) it is common to speak of families that reflect their common characteristics. So we have \textbf{the families}: \\ [10pt]\grupo[GROUP \textcolor{blue!50!black}{\textbf{1}}: \textbf{Alkali metals}][1*] {\red{\raisebox{1.25pt}{$\boldsymbol{\blacktriangleright}$} \textit{lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium and francium}.}% \\ [4.5pt]The atoms of these elements \textbf{have} only \textbf{\textcolor{blue!50!black}{one} valence electron}.% \vspace{4.5pt}\small\begin{itemlist} \item They react violently with water to form hydroxides.% \item They have a silver-gray color, with the exception of cesium, which has a golden hue.% \end{itemlist} }% \\ \grupo[GROUP \textcolor{blue!50!black}{\textbf{2}}: \textbf{Alkaline earth metals}][2] {\red{\raisebox{1.25pt}{$\boldsymbol{\blacktriangleright}$} \textit{beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium and radium}.}% \\ [4.5pt]The atoms of these elements \textbf{have \textcolor{blue!50!black}{two} valence electrons}.% \vspace{4.5pt}\small\begin{itemlist} \item Their oxides remain solid at high temperatures and form alkaline solutions.% \item They react violently with water to form hydroxides.% \item When they burn, they have reddish flames, excluding barium, which presents a greenish flame.% \end{itemlist} }% \\ \grupo[GROUP 1\textcolor{blue!50!black}{\textbf{3}}: \textbf{\textit{Boron} group}][13] {\red{\raisebox{1.25pt}{$\boldsymbol{\blacktriangleright}$} \textit{boron, aluminium, gallium, indium, thallium and nihonium}.}% \\ [4.5pt]The atoms of these elements \textbf{have \textcolor{blue!50!black}{three} valence electrons}.% \vspace{4.5pt}\small\begin{itemlist} \item Boron is a metalloid and the other are metals.% \item Boron, aluminium, gallium, indium and thallium are often used as p-type silicon dopants.% \item Aluminium is the third most abundant element in the Earth's crust (7.4\%)% \end{itemlist} }% \\ \grupo[GROUP 1\textcolor{blue!50!black}{\textbf{4}}: \textbf{\textit{Carbon} group}][14] {\red{\raisebox{1.25pt}{$\boldsymbol{\blacktriangleright}$} \textit{carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, lead and flerovium}.}% \\ [4.5pt]The atoms of these elements \textbf{have \textcolor{blue!50!black}{four} valence electrons}.% \vspace{4.5pt}\small\begin{itemlist} \item Carbon is a non-metal, silicon and germanium are metalloids, and tin and lead are metals.% \item Silicon and germanium are used in semiconductors.% \end{itemlist} }% \\ \grupo[GROUP 1\textcolor{blue!50!black}{\textbf{5}}: \textbf{Pnictogens}][15] {\red{\raisebox{1.25pt}{$\boldsymbol{\blacktriangleright}$} \textit{nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth and moscovium}.}% \\ [4.5pt]The atoms of these elements \textbf{have \textcolor{blue!50!black}{five} valence electrons}.% \vspace{4.5pt}\small\begin{itemlist} \item Nitrogen and phosphorus are non-metals, arsenic and antimony are metalloids and bismuth is a metal.% \item Phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth are often used as n-type silicon dopants.% \item Diatomic nitrogen is the main constituent of the Earth's atmosphere (78\%).% \end{itemlist} }% \\ \grupo[GROUP 1\textcolor{blue!50!black}{\textbf{6}}: \textbf{Chalcogens}][16] {\red{\raisebox{1.25pt}{$\boldsymbol{\blacktriangleright}$} \textit{oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium and livermorium}.}% \\ [4.5pt]The atoms of these elements \textbf{have \textcolor{blue!50!black}{six} valence electrons}.% \vspace{4.5pt}\small\begin{itemlist} \item Oxygen, sulfur and selenium are non-metals, tellurium is a metalloid and polonium is a metal.% \item Diatomic oxygen is the second constituent of the Earth's atmosphere (21\%).% \end{itemlist} }% \\ \grupo[GROUP 1\textcolor{blue!50!black}{\textbf{7}}: \textbf{Halogens}][17] {\red{\raisebox{1.25pt}{$\boldsymbol{\blacktriangleright}$} \textit{fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine and tennessine}.}% \\ [4.5pt]The atoms of these elements \textbf{have \textcolor{blue!50!black}{seven} valence electrons}.% \vspace{4.5pt}\small\begin{itemlist} \item They are extremely reactive elements, as they are very electronegative.% \item Fluorine is able to \textit{attack} inert substances, including the heavier noble gas atoms.% \end{itemlist} }% \\ \grupo[GROUP 1\textcolor{blue!50!black}{\textbf{8}}: \textbf{Noble gases}][18] {\red{\raisebox{1.25pt}{$\boldsymbol{\blacktriangleright}$} \textit{helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon and oganesson}.}% \\ [4.5pt]The atoms of these elements have the valence shell fully filled, which corresponds to \textbf{\textcolor{blue!50!black}{eight} valence electrons}, with the exception Helium, which has only one shell and, consequently, has \textbf{two valence electrons}. \vspace{4.5pt}\small\begin{itemlist} \item They are extremely inert elements, that is, they do not react with other elements, as they are the most stable elements in Nature.% \end{itemlist} }% }% \vfill% \blue{\textit{For the source of this example please see the file} pgf-PeriodicTableManual\_Examples.tex} \vfill% \newpage \mymfbox{% \textbf{\underline{EXERCISE}:} \\ [3pt]In the following scheme of the Periodic Table, the positions of some chemical elements are represented by letters: \\ [3pt]\makebox[\linewidth][c]{\textit{\scriptsize\blue{THE LETTERS DO NOT CORRESPOND TO THE CHEMICAL SYMBOLS OF THE ELEMENTS.}}} \\ [6pt]\makebox[\linewidth][c]{\pgfPT[Z exercise list={1,2,3,4,9,12,17,18,19,20,25,27,32,34,35,49,54,74,86,87},Z list=spd,%s cell size=1.5em,ex={c=blue,f=\bfseries}]} \\ [6pt]\textbf{Using the letters shown}: \begin{enumerate} \item identify group 2 elements of the Periodic Table.%: \hrulefill \item identify the elements of the 2\raisebox{3pt}{\scriptsize nd} period of the Periodic Table.%: \hrulefill \item identify group 17 elements of the Periodic Table.%: \hrulefill \item identify the elements of s-block.%: \hrulefill \item identify the elements of p-block.%: \hrulefill \item identify the elements of d-block.%: \hrulefill \item identify the metallic elements.%: \hrulefill \item identify the non-metallic elements.%: \hrulefill \item identify the transition metals.%: \hrulefill \item identify the alkaline earth metals.%: \hrulefill \item identify the noble gases.%: \hrulefill \item tell which element belongs, simultaneously, to the 4\raisebox{3pt}{\scriptsize th} period and to group 14.%\\ [6pt]\makebox[\linewidth][s]{\hrulefill} \item identify the representative elements that tend to generate positive ions.%:\\ [6pt]\makebox[\linewidth][s]{\hrulefill} \item indicate an element that forms binegative ions.%: \hrulefill \item indicate the halogen whose mononegative ion has the largest radius.%: \hrulefill \item write the chemical formula of the compound formed by the elements \textbf{\blue{F}} and \textbf{\blue{O}}.%\\ [6pt]\makebox[\linewidth][s]{\hrulefill} \item identify, justifying, the element with the largest atomic radius.%:\\ [6pt]\makebox[\linewidth][s]{\hrulefill}\\ [6pt]\makebox[\linewidth][s]{\hrulefill} \item identify, justifying, the element with the lowest 1\raisebox{3pt}{\scriptsize st} ionization \mbox{energy}.%:\\ [6pt]\makebox[\linewidth][s]{\hrulefill}\\ [6pt]\makebox[\linewidth][s]{ \hrulefill} \end{enumerate} }% \vfill% \blue{\textit{For the source of this example please see the file} pgf-PeriodicTableManual\_Examples.tex} \vfill% \newpage \def\xbox{\tikz[baseline=(x.base)]{\node[text width=15pt,text centered,font=\Large,draw,thick,rounded corners=.5pt,inner sep=0pt,fill=white] (x) {\vbox to 15pt{\vfil\color{gray}x\vfil}};}}% \def\obox{\tikz[baseline=(x.base)]{\node[text width=15pt,text centered,draw,thick,rounded corners=.5pt,inner sep=0pt,fill=white] (x) {\vbox to 15pt{\vfil\color{gray}$\bigcirc$\vfil}};}}% \def\dbox{\tikz[baseline=(x.base)]{\node[text width=15pt,text centered,font=\Large,draw,thick,rounded corners=.5pt,inner sep=0pt,fill=white] (x) {\vbox to 15pt{\vfil\color{gray}$\Delta$\vfil}};}}% \mymfbox{% \textbf{\underline{EXERCISE}:} \\ [3pt]Using the following notation, \begin{itemize} \item[\xbox] for the elements in the gaseous state (NTP), \item[\obox] for the elements in the liquid state (NTP) and \item[\dbox] for the synthetic elements, \end{itemize} fill in the following Periodic Table: \\ [10pt]\makebox[\linewidth][c]{\scalebox{.6}{\pgfPT[only cells]}} } \vspace{15pt}% \blue{\textit{For the source of this example please see the file} pgf-PeriodicTableManual\_Examples.tex}% \endinput