locale — describes a locale definition file
The locale
definition file contains all the information that the
localedef(1) command needs to
convert it into the binary locale database.
The definition files consist of sections which each describe a locale category in detail.
The locale definition file starts with a header that may consist of the following keywords:
<escape_char>is followed by a character that should be used as the escape-character for the rest of the file to mark characters that should be interpreted in a special way. It defaults to the backslash (\).
<comment_char>is followed by a character that will be used as the comment-character for the rest of the file. It defaults to the number sign (#).
The locale definition has one part for each locale
category. Each part can be copied from another existing
locale or can be defined from scratch. If the category
should be copied, the only valid keyword in the definition
is copy followed
by the name of the locale which should be copied.
The following category sections are defined by POSIX:
LC_CTYPE
LC_COLLATE
LC_MESSAGES
LC_MONETARY
LC_NUMERIC
LC_TIME
In addition, since version 2.2, the GNU C library supports the following nonstandard categories:
LC_ADDRESS
LC_IDENTIFICATION
LC_MEASUREMENT
LC_NAME
LC_PAPER
LC_TELEPHONE
The definition starts with the string LC_ADDRESS in the first column.
The following keywords are allowed:
postal_fmtfollowed by a string containing field descriptors that define the format used for postal addresses in the locale. The following field descriptors are recognized:
- %a
Care of person, or organization.
- %f
Firm name.
- %d
Department name.
- %b
Building name.
- %s
Street or block (e.g., Japanese) name.
- %h
House number or designation.
- %N
Insert an end-of-line if the previous descriptor's value was not an empty string; otherwise ignore.
- %t
Insert a space if the previous descriptor's value was not an empty string; otherwise ignore.
- %r
Room number, door designation.
- %e
Floor number.
- %C
Country designation, from the <country_post> keyword.
- %z
Zip number, postal code.
- %T
Town, city.
- %S
State, province, or prefecture.
- %c
Country, as taken from data record.
Each field descriptor may have an 'R' after the '%' to specify that the information is taken from a Romanized version string of the entity.
country_namefollowed by the country name in the language of
the current document (e.g., "Deutschland" for the
de_DE
locale).
country_postfollowed by the abbreviation of the country (see CERT_MAILCODES).
country_ab2followed by the two-letter abbreviation of the country (ISO 3166).
country_ab3followed by the three-letter abbreviation of the country (ISO 3166).
country_numfollowed by the numeric country code (ISO 3166).
country_carfollowed by the code for the country car number.
country_isbnfollowed by the ISBN code (for books).
lang_namefollowed by the language name in the language of the current document.
lang_abfollowed by the two-letter abbreviation of the language (ISO 639).
lang_termfollowed by the three-letter abbreviation of the language (ISO 639-2/T).
lang_libfollowed by the three-letter abbreviation of the
language for library use (ISO 639-2/B). Applications
should in general prefer lang_term over
lang_lib.
The LC_ADDRESS definition
ends with the string END
LC_ADDRESS.
The definition starts with the string LC_CTYPE in the first column.
The following keywords are allowed:
upperfollowed by a list of uppercase letters. The
letters A through
Z are included
automatically. Characters also specified as
cntrl,
digit,
punct, or
space are
not allowed.
lowerfollowed by a list of lowercase letters. The
letters a through
z are included
automatically. Characters also specified as
cntrl,
digit,
punct, or
space are
not allowed.
alphafollowed by a list of letters. All character
specified as either upper or lower are
automatically included. Characters also specified as
cntrl,
digit,
punct, or
space are
not allowed.
digitfollowed by the characters classified as numeric
digits. Only the digits 0 through 9 are allowed. They are included by
default in this class.
spacefollowed by a list of characters defined as
white-space characters. Characters also specified as
upper,
lower,
alpha,
digit,
graph, or
xdigit are
not allowed. The characters <space>,
<form-feed>,
<newline>,
<carriage-return>,
<tab>, and
<vertical-tab>
are automatically included.
cntrlfollowed by a list of control characters.
Characters also specified as upper, lower, alpha, digit, punct, graph, print, or xdigit are not
allowed.
punctfollowed by a list of punctuation characters.
Characters also specified as upper, lower, alpha, digit, cntrl, xdigit, or the
<space>
character are not allowed.
graphfollowed by a list of printable characters, not
including the <space>
character. The characters defined as upper, lower, alpha, digit, xdigit, and
punct are
automatically included. Characters also specified as
cntrl are
not allowed.
printfollowed by a list of printable characters,
including the <space>
character. The characters defined as upper, lower, alpha, digit, xdigit, punct, and the
<space>
character are automatically included. Characters also
specified as cntrl are not
allowed.
xdigitfollowed by a list of characters classified as
hexadecimal digits. The decimal digits must be
included followed by one or more set of six
characters in ascending order. The following
characters are included by default: 0 through 9, a
through f, A through F.
blankfollowed by a list of characters classified as
blank. The
characters <space> and
<tab>
are automatically included.
toupperfollowed by a list of mappings from lowercase to
uppercase letters. Each mapping is a pair of a
lowercase and an uppercase letter separated with a
, and enclosed in
parentheses. The members of the list are separated
with semicolons.
tolowerfollowed by a list of mappings from uppercase to lowercase letters. If the keyword tolower is not present, the reverse of the toupper list is used.
The LC_CTYPE definition
ends with the string END
LC_CTYPE.
The LC_COLLATE category
defines the rules for collating characters. Due to
limitations of libc not all POSIX-options are
implemented.
The definition starts with the string LC_COLLATE in the first column.
The following keywords are allowed:
collating-elementfollowed by the definition of a collating-element symbol representing a multicharacter collating element.
collating-symbolfollowed by the definition of a collating symbol that can be used in collation order statements.
The order-definition starts with a line:
order_startfollowed by a list of keywords chosen from
forward,
backward,
or position. The order
definition consists of lines that describe the order
and is terminated with the keyword order_end.
The LC_COLLATE definition
ends with the string END
LC_COLLATE.
This category contains meta-information about the locale definition.
The definition starts with the string LC_IDENTIFICATION in the first
column.
The following keywords are allowed:
titlefollowed by the title of the locale document (e.g., "Maori language locale for New Zealand").
sourcefollowed by the name of the organization that maintains this document.
addressfollowed by the address of the organization that maintains this document.
contactfollowed by the name of the contact person at the organization that maintains this document.
emailfollowed by the email address of the person or organization that maintains this document.
telfollowed by the telephone number (in international format) of the organization that maintains this document.
faxfollowed by the fax number (in international format) of the organization that maintains this document.
languagefollowed by the name of the language to which this document applies.
territoryfollowed by the name of the country/geographic extent to which this document applies.
audiencefollowed by a description of the audience for which this document is intended.
applicationfollowed by a description of any special application for which this document is intended.
abbreviationfollowed by the short name for this document.
revisionfollowed by the revision number of this document.
datefollowed by the revision date of this document.
In addition, for each of the categories defined by the
document, there should be a line starting with the keyword
category,
followed by:
a string that identifies this locale category definition,
a semicolon, and
one of the LC_*
identifiers.
The LC_IDENTIFICATION
definition ends with the string END LC_IDENTIFICATION.
The definition starts with the string LC_MESSAGES in the first column.
The following keywords are allowed:
yesexprfollowed by a regular expression that describes possible yes-responses.
noexprfollowed by a regular expression that describes possible no-responses.
yesstrfollowed by the output string corresponding to "yes".
nostrfollowed by the output string corresponding to "no".
The LC_MESSAGES definition
ends with the string END
LC_MESSAGES.
The definition starts with the string LC_MEASUREMENT in the first column.
The following keywords are allowed:
measurementfollowed by number identifying the standard used for measurement. The following values are recognized:
Metric.
US customary measurements.
The LC_MEASUREMENT
definition ends with the string END LC_MEASUREMENT.
The definition starts with the string LC_MONETARY in the first column.
The following keywords are allowed:
int_curr_symbolfollowed by the international currency symbol. This must be a 4-character string containing the international currency symbol as defined by the ISO 4217 standard (three characters) followed by a separator.
currency_symbolfollowed by the local currency symbol.
mon_decimal_pointfollowed by the string that will be used as the decimal delimiter when formatting monetary quantities.
mon_thousands_sepfollowed by the string that will be used as a group separator when formatting monetary quantities.
mon_groupingfollowed by a sequence of integers separated by
semicolons that describe the formatting of monetary
quantities. See grouping below for
details.
positive_signfollowed by a string that is used to indicate a positive sign for monetary quantities.
negative_signfollowed by a string that is used to indicate a negative sign for monetary quantities.
int_frac_digitsfollowed by the number of fractional digits that
should be used when formatting with the int_curr_symbol.
frac_digitsfollowed by the number of fractional digits that
should be used when formatting with the currency_symbol.
p_cs_precedesfollowed by an integer that indicates the
placement of currency_symbol for a
nonnegative formatted monetary quantity:
0the symbol succeeds the value.
1the symbol precedes the value.
n_cs_precedesfollowed by an integer that indicates the
placement of currency_symbol for a
negative formatted monetary quantity. The same values
are recognized as for p_cs_precedes.
int_p_cs_precedesfollowed by an integer that indicates the
placement of int_currency_symbol
for a nonnegative internationally formatted monetary
quantity. The same values are recognized as for
p_cs_precedes.
int_n_cs_precedesfollowed by an integer that indicates the
placement of int_currency_symbol
for a negative internationally formatted monetary
quantity. The same values are recognized as for
p_cs_precedes.
p_sep_by_spacefollowed by an integer that indicates the
separation of currency_symbol, the
sign string, and the value for a nonnegative
formatted monetary quantity. The following values are
recognized:
0No space separates the currency symbol and the value.
1If the currency symbol and the sign string are adjacent, a space separates them from the value; otherwise a space separates the currency symbol and the value.
2If the currency symbol and the sign string are adjacent, a space separates them from the value; otherwise a space separates the sign string and the value.
n_sep_by_spacefollowed by an integer that indicates the
separation of currency_symbol, the
sign string, and the value for a negative formatted
monetary quantity. The same values are recognized as
for p_sep_by_space.
int_p_sep_by_spacefollowed by an integer that indicates the
separation of int_currency_symbol,
the sign string, and the value for a nonnegative
internationally formatted monetary quantity. The same
values are recognized as for p_sep_by_space.
int_n_sep_by_spacefollowed by an integer that indicates the
separation of int_currency_symbol,
the sign string, and the value for a negative
internationally formatted monetary quantity. The same
values are recognized as for p_sep_by_space.
p_sign_posnfollowed by an integer that indicates where the
positive_sign should
be placed for a nonnegative monetary quantity:
0Parentheses enclose the quantity and the
currency_symbolorint_curr_symbol.1The sign string precedes the quantity and the
currency_symbolor theint_curr_symbol.2The sign string succeeds the quantity and the
currency_symbolor theint_curr_symbol.3The sign string precedes the
currency_symbolor theint_curr_symbol.4The sign string succeeds the
currency_symbolor theint_curr_symbol.
n_sign_posnfollowed by an integer that indicates where the
negative_sign should
be placed for a negative monetary quantity. The same
values are recognized as for p_sign_posn.
int_p_sign_posnfollowed by an integer that indicates where the
negative_sign should
be placed for a nonnegative internationally formatted
monetary quantity. The same values are recognized as
for p_sign_posn.
int_n_sign_posnfollowed by an integer that indicates where the
negative_sign should
be placed for a negative internationally formatted
monetary quantity. The same values are recognized as
for p_sign_posn.
The LC_MONETARY definition
ends with the string END
LC_MONETARY.
The definition starts with the string LC_NAME in the first column.
Various keywords are allowed, but only name_fmt is mandatory.
Other keywords are needed only if there is common
convention to use the corresponding salutation in this
locale. The allowed keywords are as follows:
name_fmtfollowed by a string containing field descriptors that define the format used for names in the locale. The following field descriptors are recognized:
- %f
Family name(s).
- %F
Family names in uppercase.
- %g
First given name.
- %G
First given initial.
- %l
First given name with Latin letters.
- %o
Other shorter name.
- %m
Additional given name(s).
- %M
Initials for additional given name(s).
- %p
Profession.
- %s
Salutation, such as "Doctor".
- %S
Abbreviated salutation, such as "Mr." or "Dr.".
- %d
Salutation, using the FDCC-sets conventions.
- %t
If the preceding field descriptor resulted in an empty string, then the empty string, otherwise a space character.
name_genfollowed by the general salutation for any gender.
name_mrfollowed by the salutation for men.
name_mrsfollowed by the salutation for married women.
name_missfollowed by the salutation for unmarried women.
name_msfollowed by the salutation valid for all women.
The LC_NAME definition
ends with the string END
LC_NAME.
The definition starts with the string LC_NUMERIC in the first column.
The following keywords are allowed:
decimal_pointfollowed by the string that will be used as the decimal delimiter when formatting numeric quantities.
thousands_sepfollowed by the string that will be used as a group separator when formatting numeric quantities.
groupingfollowed by a sequence of integers separated by semicolons that describe the formatting of numeric quantities.
Each integer specifies the number of digits in a group. The first integer defines the size of the group immediately to the left of the decimal delimiter. Subsequent integers define succeeding groups to the left of the previous group. If the last integer is not −1, then the size of the previous group (if any) is repeatedly used for the remainder of the digits. If the last integer is −1, then no further grouping is performed.
The LC_NUMERIC definition
ends with the string END
LC_NUMERIC.
The definition starts with the string LC_PAPER in the first column.
The following keywords are allowed:
heightfollowed by the height, in millimeters, of the standard paper format.
widthfollowed by the width, in millimeters, of the standard paper format.
The LC_PAPER definition
ends with the string END
LC_PAPER.
The definition starts with the string LC_TELEPHONE in the first column.
The following keywords are allowed:
tel_int_fmtfollowed by a string that contains field descriptors that identify the format used to dial international numbers. The following field descriptors are recognized:
- %a
Area code without nationwide prefix (the prefix is often "00").
- %A
Area code including nationwide prefix.
- %l
Local number (within area code).
- %e
Extension (to local number).
- %c
Country code.
- %C
Alternate carrier service code used for dialing abroad.
- %t
If the preceding field descriptor resulted in an empty string, then the empty string, otherwise a space character.
tel_dom_fmtfollowed by a string that contains field
descriptors that identify the format used to dial
domestic numbers. The recognized field descriptors
are the same as for tel_int_fmt.
int_selectfollowed by the prefix used to call international phone numbers.
int_prefixfollowed by the prefix used from other countries to dial this country.
The LC_TELEPHONE
definition ends with the string END LC_TELEPHONE.
The definition starts with the string LC_TIME in the first column.
The following keywords are allowed:
abdayfollowed by a list of abbreviated names of the
days of the week. The list starts with the first day
of the week as specified by week (Sunday by
default). See NOTES.
dayfollowed by a list of names of the days of the
week. The list starts with the first day of the week
as specified by week (Sunday by
default). See NOTES.
abmonfollowed by a list of abbreviated month names.
monfollowed by a list of month names.
am_pmfollowed by the appropriate representation of the
am and
pm strings.
This should be left empty for locales not using AM/PM
convention.
d_t_fmtfollowed by the appropriate date and time format.
d_fmtfollowed by the appropriate date format.
t_fmtfollowed by the appropriate time format.
t_fmt_ampmfollowed by the appropriate time format when using 12h clock format. This should be left empty for locales not using AM/PM convention.
weekfollowed by a list of three values: The number of
days in a week (by default 7), a date of beginning of
the week (by default corresponds to Sunday), and the
minimal length of the first week in year (by default
4). Regarding the start of the week, 19971130 shall be used for Sunday
and 19971201 shall be
used for Monday. See NOTES.
first_weekday (since
glibc 2.2)followed by the number of the first day from the
day list to
be shown in calendar applications. The default value
of 1 corresponds to
either Sunday or Monday depending on the value of the
second week
list item. See NOTES.
first_workday (since
glibc 2.2)followed by the number of the first working day
from the day list. The default
value is 2. See
NOTES.
cal_directionfollowed by a value that indicates the direction for the display of calendar dates, as follows:
Left-right from top.
Top-down from left.
Right-left from top.
date_fmtfollowed by the appropriate date representation for date(1).
The LC_TIME definition
ends with the string END
LC_TIME.
/usr/lib/locale/locale-archiveUsual default locale archive location.
/usr/share/i18n/localesUsual default path for locale definition files.
The collective GNU C library community wisdom regarding
abday, day, week, first_weekday, and first_workday states at
https://sourceware.org/glibc/wiki/Locales the following:
The value of the second week list item
specifies the base of the abday and day lists.
first_weekday specifies
the offset of the first day-of-week in the abday and day lists.
For compatibility reasons, all glibc locales should
set the value of the second week list item to
19971130 (Sunday) and
base the abday and day lists
appropriately, and set first_weekday to
1 or 2, depending on whether the week
actually starts on Sunday or Monday for the locale.
locale(1), localedef(1), localeconv(3), newlocale(3), setlocale(3), uselocale(3), charmap(5), charsets(7), locale(7), unicode(7), utf-8(7)
This page is part of release 3.72 of the Linux man-pages project. A
description of the project, information about reporting bugs,
and the latest version of this page, can be found at
http://www.kernel.org/doc/man−pages/.
|
Copyright (C) 1994 Jochen Hein (HeinStudent.TU-Clausthal.de) Copyright (C) 2008 Petr Baudis (paskysuse.cz) Copyright (C) 2014 Michael Kerrisk <mtkmanpagesgmail.com> %%%LICENSE_START(GPLv2+_SW_3_PARA) This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this manual; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. %%%LICENSE_END 2008-06-17 Petr Baudis <paskysuse.cz> LC_TIME: Describe first_weekday and first_workday |