:Title PuTTY User Manual
1 Title page=Top
1 Chapter 1: Introduction to PuTTY
2 Chapter 1: Introduction to PuTTY=t00000000
2 Section 1.1: What are SSH, Telnet and Rlogin?=t00000001
2 Section 1.2: How do SSH, Telnet and Rlogin differ?=t00000002
1 Chapter 2: Getting started with PuTTY
2 Chapter 2: Getting started with PuTTY=t00000003
2 Section 2.1: Starting a session=t00000004
2 Section 2.2: Verifying the host key (SSH only)=t00000005
2 Section 2.3: Logging in=t00000006
2 Section 2.4: After logging in=t00000007
2 Section 2.5: Logging out=t00000008
1 Chapter 3: Using PuTTY
2 Chapter 3: Using PuTTY=t00000009
2 Section 3.1: During your session
3 Section 3.1: During your session=t00000010
3 Section 3.1.1: Copying and pasting text=t00000011
3 Section 3.1.2: Scrolling the screen back=t00000012
3 Section 3.1.3: The System menu
4 Section 3.1.3: The System menu=t00000013
4 Section 3.1.3.1: The PuTTY Event Log=t00000014
4 Section 3.1.3.2: Special commands=t00000015
4 Section 3.1.3.3: Starting new sessions=t00000016
4 Section 3.1.3.4: Changing your session settings=t00000017
4 Section 3.1.3.5: Copy All to Clipboard=t00000018
4 Section 3.1.3.6: Clearing and resetting the terminal=t00000019
4 Section 3.1.3.7: Full screen mode=t00000020
1 Section 3.2: Creating a log file of your session=t00000021
1 Section 3.3: Altering your character set configuration=t00000022
1 Section 3.4: Using X11 forwarding in SSH=t00000023
1 Section 3.5: Using port forwarding in SSH=t00000024
1 Section 3.6: Making raw TCP connections=t00000025
1 Section 3.7: Connecting to a local serial line=t00000026
2 Section 3.8: The PuTTY command line
3 Section 3.8: The PuTTY command line=t00000027
3 Section 3.8.1: Starting a session from the command line=t00000028
3 Section 3.8.2: -cleanup=options.cleanup
3 Section 3.8.3: Standard command-line options
4 Section 3.8.3: Standard command-line options=t00000029
4 Section 3.8.3.1: -load: load a saved session=t00000030
4 Section 3.8.3.2: Selecting a protocol: -ssh, -telnet, -rlogin, -raw -serial=t00000031
4 Section 3.8.3.3: -v: increase verbosity=t00000032
4 Section 3.8.3.4: -l: specify a login name=t00000033
4 Section 3.8.3.5: -L, -R and -D: set up port forwardings=t00000034
4 Section 3.8.3.6: -m: read a remote command or script from a file=t00000035
4 Section 3.8.3.7: -P: specify a port number=t00000036
4 Section 3.8.3.8: -pw: specify a password=t00000037
4 Section 3.8.3.9: -agent and -noagent: control use of Pageant for authentication=t00000038
4 Section 3.8.3.10: -A and -a: control agent forwarding=t00000039
4 Section 3.8.3.11: -X and -x: control X11 forwarding=t00000040
4 Section 3.8.3.12: -t and -T: control pseudo-terminal allocation=t00000041
4 Section 3.8.3.13: -N: suppress starting a shell or command=t00000042
4 Section 3.8.3.14: -nc: make a remote network connection in place of a remote shell or command=t00000043
4 Section 3.8.3.15: -C: enable compression=t00000044
4 Section 3.8.3.16: -1 and -2: specify an SSH protocol version=t00000045
4 Section 3.8.3.17: -4 and -6: specify an Internet protocol version=t00000046
4 Section 3.8.3.18: -i: specify an SSH private key=t00000047
4 Section 3.8.3.19: -loghost: specify a logical host name=t00000048
4 Section 3.8.3.20: -hostkey: manually specify an expected host key=t00000049
4 Section 3.8.3.21: -pgpfp: display PGP key fingerprints=t00000050
4 Section 3.8.3.22: -sercfg: specify serial port configuration=t00000051
4 Section 3.8.3.23: -sessionlog, -sshlog, -sshrawlog: specify session logging=t00000052
1 Chapter 4: Configuring PuTTY
2 Chapter 4: Configuring PuTTY=t00000053
2 Section 4.1: The Session panel
3 Section 4.1: The Session panel=t00000054
3 Section 4.1.1: The host name section=session.hostname
3 Section 4.1.2: Loading and storing saved sessions=session.saved
3 Section 4.1.3: ‘Close Window on Exit’=session.coe
2 Section 4.2: The Logging panel
3 Section 4.2: The Logging panel=logging.main
3 Section 4.2.1: ‘Log file name’=logging.filename
3 Section 4.2.2: ‘What to do if the log file already exists’=logging.exists
3 Section 4.2.3: ‘Flush log file frequently’=logging.flush
3 Section 4.2.4: Options specific to SSH packet logging
4 Section 4.2.4: Options specific to SSH packet logging=t00000055
4 Section 4.2.4.1: ‘Omit known password fields’=logging.ssh.omitpassword
4 Section 4.2.4.2: ‘Omit session data’=logging.ssh.omitdata
2 Section 4.3: The Terminal panel
3 Section 4.3: The Terminal panel=t00000056
3 Section 4.3.1: ‘Auto wrap mode initially on’=terminal.autowrap
3 Section 4.3.2: ‘DEC Origin Mode initially on’=terminal.decom
3 Section 4.3.3: ‘Implicit CR in every LF’=terminal.lfhascr
3 Section 4.3.4: ‘Implicit LF in every CR’=terminal.crhaslf
3 Section 4.3.5: ‘Use background colour to erase screen’=terminal.bce
3 Section 4.3.6: ‘Enable blinking text’=terminal.blink
3 Section 4.3.7: ‘Answerback to ^E’=terminal.answerback
3 Section 4.3.8: ‘Local echo’=terminal.localecho
3 Section 4.3.9: ‘Local line editing’=terminal.localedit
3 Section 4.3.10: Remote-controlled printing=terminal.printing
2 Section 4.4: The Keyboard panel
3 Section 4.4: The Keyboard panel=t00000057
3 Section 4.4.1: Changing the action of the Backspace key=keyboard.backspace
3 Section 4.4.2: Changing the action of the Home and End keys=keyboard.homeend
3 Section 4.4.3: Changing the action of the function keys and keypad=keyboard.funkeys
3 Section 4.4.4: Controlling Application Cursor Keys mode=keyboard.appcursor
3 Section 4.4.5: Controlling Application Keypad mode=keyboard.appkeypad
3 Section 4.4.6: Using NetHack keypad mode=keyboard.nethack
3 Section 4.4.7: Enabling a DEC-like Compose key=keyboard.compose
3 Section 4.4.8: ‘Control-Alt is different from AltGr’=keyboard.ctrlalt
2 Section 4.5: The Bell panel
3 Section 4.5: The Bell panel=t00000058
3 Section 4.5.1: ‘Set the style of bell’=bell.style
3 Section 4.5.2: ‘Taskbar/caption indication on bell’=bell.taskbar
3 Section 4.5.3: ‘Control the bell overload behaviour’=bell.overload
2 Section 4.6: The Features panel
3 Section 4.6: The Features panel=t00000059
3 Section 4.6.1: Disabling application keypad and cursor keys=features.application
3 Section 4.6.2: Disabling xterm-style mouse reporting=features.mouse
3 Section 4.6.3: Disabling remote terminal resizing=features.resize
3 Section 4.6.4: Disabling switching to the alternate screen=features.altscreen
3 Section 4.6.5: Disabling remote window title changing=features.retitle
3 Section 4.6.6: Response to remote window title querying=features.qtitle
3 Section 4.6.7: Disabling destructive backspace=features.dbackspace
3 Section 4.6.8: Disabling remote character set configuration=features.charset
3 Section 4.6.9: Disabling Arabic text shaping=features.arabicshaping
3 Section 4.6.10: Disabling bidirectional text display=features.bidi
2 Section 4.7: The Window panel
3 Section 4.7: The Window panel=t00000060
3 Section 4.7.1: Setting the size of the PuTTY window=window.size
3 Section 4.7.2: What to do when the window is resized=window.resize
3 Section 4.7.3: Controlling scrollback=window.scrollback
3 Section 4.7.4: ‘Push erased text into scrollback’=window.erased
2 Section 4.8: The Appearance panel
3 Section 4.8: The Appearance panel=t00000061
3 Section 4.8.1: Controlling the appearance of the cursor=appearance.cursor
3 Section 4.8.2: Controlling the font used in the terminal window=appearance.font
3 Section 4.8.3: ‘Hide mouse pointer when typing in window’=appearance.hidemouse
3 Section 4.8.4: Controlling the window border=appearance.border
2 Section 4.9: The Behaviour panel
3 Section 4.9: The Behaviour panel=t00000062
3 Section 4.9.1: Controlling the window title=appearance.title
3 Section 4.9.2: ‘Warn before closing window’=behaviour.closewarn
3 Section 4.9.3: ‘Window closes on ALT-F4’=behaviour.altf4
3 Section 4.9.4: ‘System menu appears on ALT-Space’=behaviour.altspace
3 Section 4.9.5: ‘System menu appears on Alt alone’=behaviour.altonly
3 Section 4.9.6: ‘Ensure window is always on top’=behaviour.alwaysontop
3 Section 4.9.7: ‘Full screen on Alt-Enter’=behaviour.altenter
2 Section 4.10: The Translation panel
3 Section 4.10: The Translation panel=t00000063
3 Section 4.10.1: Controlling character set translation=translation.codepage
3 Section 4.10.2: ‘Treat CJK ambiguous characters as wide’=translation.cjkambigwide
3 Section 4.10.3: ‘Caps Lock acts as Cyrillic switch’=translation.cyrillic
3 Section 4.10.4: Controlling display of line-drawing characters=translation.linedraw
3 Section 4.10.5: Controlling copy and paste of line drawing characters=selection.linedraw
2 Section 4.11: The Selection panel
3 Section 4.11: The Selection panel=t00000064
3 Section 4.11.1: Pasting in Rich Text Format=selection.rtf
3 Section 4.11.2: Changing the actions of the mouse buttons=selection.buttons
3 Section 4.11.3: ‘Shift overrides application's use of mouse’=selection.shiftdrag
3 Section 4.11.4: Default selection mode=selection.rect
3 Section 4.11.5: Configuring word-by-word selection=selection.charclasses
2 Section 4.12: The Colours panel
3 Section 4.12: The Colours panel=t00000065
3 Section 4.12.1: ‘Allow terminal to specify ANSI colours’=colours.ansi
3 Section 4.12.2: ‘Allow terminal to use xterm 256-colour mode’=colours.xterm256
3 Section 4.12.3: ‘Indicate bolded text by changing...’=colours.bold
3 Section 4.12.4: ‘Attempt to use logical palettes’=colours.logpal
3 Section 4.12.5: ‘Use system colours’=colours.system
3 Section 4.12.6: Adjusting the colours in the terminal window=colours.config
2 Section 4.13: The Connection panel
3 Section 4.13: The Connection panel=t00000066
3 Section 4.13.1: Using keepalives to prevent disconnection=connection.keepalive
3 Section 4.13.2: ‘Disable Nagle's algorithm’=connection.nodelay
3 Section 4.13.3: ‘Enable TCP keepalives’=connection.tcpkeepalive
3 Section 4.13.4: ‘Internet protocol’=connection.ipversion
3 Section 4.13.5: ‘Logical name of remote host’=connection.loghost
2 Section 4.14: The Data panel
3 Section 4.14: The Data panel=t00000067
3 Section 4.14.1: ‘Auto-login username’=connection.username
3 Section 4.14.2: Use of system username=connection.usernamefromenv
3 Section 4.14.3: ‘Terminal-type string’=connection.termtype
3 Section 4.14.4: ‘Terminal speeds’=connection.termspeed
3 Section 4.14.5: Setting environment variables on the server=telnet.environ
2 Section 4.15: The Proxy panel
3 Section 4.15: The Proxy panel=proxy.main
3 Section 4.15.1: Setting the proxy type=proxy.type
3 Section 4.15.2: Excluding parts of the network from proxying=proxy.exclude
3 Section 4.15.3: Name resolution when using a proxy=proxy.dns
3 Section 4.15.4: Username and password=proxy.auth
3 Section 4.15.5: Specifying the Telnet or Local proxy command=proxy.command
2 Section 4.16: The Telnet panel
3 Section 4.16: The Telnet panel=t00000068
3 Section 4.16.1: ‘Handling of OLD_ENVIRON ambiguity’=telnet.oldenviron
3 Section 4.16.2: Passive and active Telnet negotiation modes=telnet.passive
3 Section 4.16.3: ‘Keyboard sends Telnet special commands’=telnet.specialkeys
3 Section 4.16.4: ‘Return key sends Telnet New Line instead of ^M’=telnet.newline
2 Section 4.17: The Rlogin panel
3 Section 4.17: The Rlogin panel=t00000069
3 Section 4.17.1: ‘Local username’=rlogin.localuser
2 Section 4.18: The SSH panel
3 Section 4.18: The SSH panel=t00000070
3 Section 4.18.1: Executing a specific command on the server=ssh.command
3 Section 4.18.2: ‘Don't start a shell or command at all’=ssh.noshell
3 Section 4.18.3: ‘Enable compression’=ssh.compress
3 Section 4.18.4: ‘Preferred SSH protocol version’=ssh.protocol
3 Section 4.18.5: Sharing an SSH connection between PuTTY tools=ssh.sharing
2 Section 4.19: The Kex panel
3 Section 4.19: The Kex panel=t00000071
3 Section 4.19.1: Key exchange algorithm selection=ssh.kex.order
3 Section 4.19.2: Repeat key exchange=ssh.kex.repeat
3 Section 4.19.3: Manually configuring host keys=ssh.kex.manualhostkeys
1 Section 4.20: The Cipher panel=ssh.ciphers
2 Section 4.21: The Auth panel
3 Section 4.21: The Auth panel=t00000072
3 Section 4.21.1: ‘Bypass authentication entirely’=ssh.auth.bypass
3 Section 4.21.2: ‘Display pre-authentication banner’=ssh.auth.banner
3 Section 4.21.3: ‘Attempt authentication using Pageant’=ssh.auth.pageant
3 Section 4.21.4: ‘Attempt TIS or CryptoCard authentication’=ssh.auth.tis
3 Section 4.21.5: ‘Attempt keyboard-interactive authentication’=ssh.auth.ki
3 Section 4.21.6: ‘Allow agent forwarding’=ssh.auth.agentfwd
3 Section 4.21.7: ‘Allow attempted changes of username in SSH-2’=ssh.auth.changeuser
3 Section 4.21.8: ‘Private key file for authentication’=ssh.auth.privkey
2 Section 4.22: The GSSAPI panel
3 Section 4.22: The GSSAPI panel=ssh.auth.gssapi
3 Section 4.22.1: ‘Allow GSSAPI credential delegation’=ssh.auth.gssapi.delegation
3 Section 4.22.2: Preference order for GSSAPI libraries=ssh.auth.gssapi.libraries
2 Section 4.23: The TTY panel
3 Section 4.23: The TTY panel=t00000073
3 Section 4.23.1: ‘Don't allocate a pseudo-terminal’=ssh.nopty
3 Section 4.23.2: Sending terminal modes=ssh.ttymodes
2 Section 4.24: The X11 panel
3 Section 4.24: The X11 panel=ssh.tunnels.x11
3 Section 4.24.1: Remote X11 authentication=ssh.tunnels.x11auth
3 Section 4.24.2: X authority file for local display=ssh.tunnels.xauthority
2 Section 4.25: The Tunnels panel
3 Section 4.25: The Tunnels panel=ssh.tunnels.portfwd
3 Section 4.25.1: Controlling the visibility of forwarded ports=ssh.tunnels.portfwd.localhost
3 Section 4.25.2: Selecting Internet protocol version for forwarded ports=ssh.tunnels.portfwd.ipversion
2 Section 4.26: The Bugs and More Bugs panels
3 Section 4.26: The Bugs and More Bugs panels=t00000074
3 Section 4.26.1: ‘Chokes on SSH-1 ignore messages’=ssh.bugs.ignore1
3 Section 4.26.2: ‘Refuses all SSH-1 password camouflage’=ssh.bugs.plainpw1
3 Section 4.26.3: ‘Chokes on SSH-1 RSA authentication’=ssh.bugs.rsa1
3 Section 4.26.4: ‘Chokes on SSH-2 ignore messages’=ssh.bugs.ignore2
3 Section 4.26.5: ‘Chokes on PuTTY's SSH-2 ‘winadj’ requests’=ssh.bugs.winadj
3 Section 4.26.6: ‘Miscomputes SSH-2 HMAC keys’=ssh.bugs.hmac2
3 Section 4.26.7: ‘Miscomputes SSH-2 encryption keys’=ssh.bugs.derivekey2
3 Section 4.26.8: ‘Requires padding on SSH-2 RSA signatures’=ssh.bugs.rsapad2
3 Section 4.26.9: ‘Misuses the session ID in SSH-2 PK auth’=ssh.bugs.pksessid2
3 Section 4.26.10: ‘Handles SSH-2 key re-exchange badly’=ssh.bugs.rekey2
3 Section 4.26.11: ‘Ignores SSH-2 maximum packet size’=ssh.bugs.maxpkt2
3 Section 4.26.12: ‘Replies to requests on closed channels’=ssh.bugs.chanreq
3 Section 4.26.13: ‘Only supports pre-RFC4419 SSH-2 DH GEX’=ssh.bugs.oldgex2
2 Section 4.27: The Serial panel
3 Section 4.27: The Serial panel=t00000075
3 Section 4.27.1: Selecting a serial line to connect to=serial.line
3 Section 4.27.2: Selecting the speed of your serial line=serial.speed
3 Section 4.27.3: Selecting the number of data bits=serial.databits
3 Section 4.27.4: Selecting the number of stop bits=serial.stopbits
3 Section 4.27.5: Selecting the serial parity checking scheme=serial.parity
3 Section 4.27.6: Selecting the serial flow control scheme=serial.flow
1 Section 4.28: Storing configuration in a file=t00000076
1 Chapter 5: Using PSCP to transfer files securely
2 Chapter 5: Using PSCP to transfer files securely=t00000077
2 Section 5.1: Starting PSCP=t00000078
2 Section 5.2: PSCP Usage
3 Section 5.2: PSCP Usage=t00000079
3 Section 5.2.1: The basics
4 Section 5.2.1: The basics=t00000080
4 Section 5.2.1.1: user=t00000081
4 Section 5.2.1.2: host=t00000082
4 Section 5.2.1.3: source=t00000083
4 Section 5.2.1.4: target=t00000084
3 Section 5.2.2: Options
4 Section 5.2.2: Options=t00000085
4 Section 5.2.2.1: -ls list remote files=t00000086
4 Section 5.2.2.2: -p preserve file attributes=t00000087
4 Section 5.2.2.3: -q quiet, don't show statistics=t00000088
4 Section 5.2.2.4: -r copies directories recursively=t00000089
4 Section 5.2.2.5: -batch avoid interactive prompts=t00000090
4 Section 5.2.2.6: -sftp, -scp force use of particular protocol=t00000091
2 Section 5.2.3: Return value=t00000092
2 Section 5.2.4: Using public key authentication with PSCP=t00000093
1 Chapter 6: Using PSFTP to transfer files securely
2 Chapter 6: Using PSFTP to transfer files securely=t00000094
2 Section 6.1: Starting PSFTP
3 Section 6.1: Starting PSFTP=t00000095
3 Section 6.1.1: -b: specify a file containing batch commands=t00000096
3 Section 6.1.2: -bc: display batch commands as they are run=t00000097
3 Section 6.1.3: -be: continue batch processing on errors=t00000098
3 Section 6.1.4: -batch: avoid interactive prompts=t00000099
2 Section 6.2: Running PSFTP
3 Section 6.2: Running PSFTP=t00000100
3 Section 6.2.1: General quoting rules for PSFTP commands=t00000101
3 Section 6.2.2: Wildcards in PSFTP=t00000102
3 Section 6.2.3: The open command: start a session=t00000103
3 Section 6.2.4: The quit command: end your session=t00000104
3 Section 6.2.5: The close command: close your connection=t00000105
3 Section 6.2.6: The help command: get quick online help=t00000106
3 Section 6.2.7: The cd and pwd commands: changing the remote working directory=t00000107
3 Section 6.2.8: The lcd and lpwd commands: changing the local working directory=t00000108
3 Section 6.2.9: The get command: fetch a file from the server=t00000109
3 Section 6.2.10: The put command: send a file to the server=t00000110
3 Section 6.2.11: The mget and mput commands: fetch or send multiple files=t00000111
3 Section 6.2.12: The reget and reput commands: resuming file transfers=t00000112
3 Section 6.2.13: The dir command: list remote files=t00000113
3 Section 6.2.14: The chmod command: change permissions on remote files=t00000114
3 Section 6.2.15: The del command: delete remote files=t00000115
3 Section 6.2.16: The mkdir command: create remote directories=t00000116
3 Section 6.2.17: The rmdir command: remove remote directories=t00000117
3 Section 6.2.18: The mv command: move and rename remote files=t00000118
3 Section 6.2.19: The ! command: run a local Windows command=t00000119
1 Section 6.3: Using public key authentication with PSFTP=t00000120
1 Chapter 7: Using the command-line connection tool Plink
2 Chapter 7: Using the command-line connection tool Plink=t00000121
2 Section 7.1: Starting Plink=t00000122
2 Section 7.2: Using Plink
3 Section 7.2: Using Plink=t00000123
3 Section 7.2.1: Using Plink for interactive logins=t00000124
3 Section 7.2.2: Using Plink for automated connections=t00000125
3 Section 7.2.3: Plink command line options
4 Section 7.2.3: Plink command line options=t00000126
4 Section 7.2.3.1: -batch: disable all interactive prompts=t00000127
4 Section 7.2.3.2: -s: remote command is SSH subsystem=t00000128
1 Section 7.3: Using Plink in batch files and scripts=t00000129
1 Section 7.4: Using Plink with CVS=t00000130
1 Section 7.5: Using Plink with WinCVS=t00000131
1 Chapter 8: Using public keys for SSH authentication
2 Chapter 8: Using public keys for SSH authentication=t00000132
2 Section 8.1: Public key authentication - an introduction=t00000133
2 Section 8.2: Using PuTTYgen, the PuTTY key generator
3 Section 8.2: Using PuTTYgen, the PuTTY key generator=puttygen.general
3 Section 8.2.1: Generating a new key=t00000134
3 Section 8.2.2: Selecting the type of key=puttygen.keytype
3 Section 8.2.3: Selecting the size (strength) of the key=puttygen.bits
3 Section 8.2.4: The ‘Generate’ button=puttygen.generate
3 Section 8.2.5: The ‘Key fingerprint’ box=puttygen.fingerprint
3 Section 8.2.6: Setting a comment for your key=puttygen.comment
3 Section 8.2.7: Setting a passphrase for your key=puttygen.passphrase
3 Section 8.2.8: Saving your private key to a disk file=puttygen.savepriv
3 Section 8.2.9: Saving your public key to a disk file=puttygen.savepub
3 Section 8.2.10: ‘Public key for pasting into authorized_keys file’=puttygen.pastekey
3 Section 8.2.11: Reloading a private key=puttygen.load
3 Section 8.2.12: Dealing with private keys in other formats=puttygen.conversions
1 Section 8.3: Getting ready for public key authentication=t00000135
1 Chapter 9: Using Pageant for authentication
2 Chapter 9: Using Pageant for authentication=pageant.general
2 Section 9.1: Getting started with Pageant=t00000136
2 Section 9.2: The Pageant main window
3 Section 9.2: The Pageant main window=t00000137
3 Section 9.2.1: The key list box=pageant.keylist
3 Section 9.2.2: The ‘Add Key’ button=pageant.addkey
3 Section 9.2.3: The ‘Remove Key’ button=pageant.remkey
2 Section 9.3: The Pageant command line
3 Section 9.3: The Pageant command line=t00000138
3 Section 9.3.1: Making Pageant automatically load keys on startup=t00000139
3 Section 9.3.2: Making Pageant run another program=t00000140
1 Section 9.4: Using agent forwarding=t00000141
1 Section 9.5: Security considerations=t00000142
1 Chapter 10: Common error messages
2 Chapter 10: Common error messages=t00000143
2 Section 10.1: ‘The server's host key is not cached in the registry’=errors.hostkey.absent
2 Section 10.2: ‘WARNING - POTENTIAL SECURITY BREACH!’=errors.hostkey.changed
2 Section 10.3: ‘The first cipher supported by the server is ... below the configured warning threshold’=t00000144
2 Section 10.4: ‘Server sent disconnect message type 2 (protocol error): "Too many authentication failures for root"’=t00000145
2 Section 10.5: ‘Out of memory’=t00000146
2 Section 10.6: ‘Internal error’, ‘Internal fault’, ‘Assertion failed’=t00000147
2 Section 10.7: ‘Unable to use this private key file’, ‘Couldn't load private key’, ‘Key is of wrong type’=errors.cantloadkey
2 Section 10.8: ‘Server refused our public key’ or ‘Key refused’=t00000148
2 Section 10.9: ‘Access denied’, ‘Authentication refused’=t00000149
2 Section 10.10: ‘No supported authentication methods available’=t00000150
2 Section 10.11: ‘Incorrect CRC received on packet’ or ‘Incorrect MAC received on packet’=t00000151
2 Section 10.12: ‘Incoming packet was garbled on decryption’=t00000152
2 Section 10.13: ‘PuTTY X11 proxy: various errors’=t00000153
2 Section 10.14: ‘Network error: Software caused connection abort’=t00000154
2 Section 10.15: ‘Network error: Connection reset by peer’=t00000155
2 Section 10.16: ‘Network error: Connection refused’=t00000156
2 Section 10.17: ‘Network error: Connection timed out’=t00000157
1 Appendix A: PuTTY FAQ
2 Appendix A: PuTTY FAQ=t00000158
2 Section A.1: Introduction
3 Section A.1: Introduction=t00000159
3 Question A.1.1: What is PuTTY?=t00000160
2 Section A.2: Features supported in PuTTY
3 Section A.2: Features supported in PuTTY=t00000161
3 Question A.2.1: Does PuTTY support SSH-2?=t00000162
3 Question A.2.2: Does PuTTY support reading OpenSSH or ssh.com SSH-2 private key files?=t00000163
3 Question A.2.3: Does PuTTY support SSH-1?=t00000164
3 Question A.2.4: Does PuTTY support local echo?=t00000165
3 Question A.2.5: Does PuTTY support storing settings, so I don't have to change them every time?=t00000166
3 Question A.2.6: Does PuTTY support storing its settings in a disk file?=t00000167
3 Question A.2.7: Does PuTTY support full-screen mode, like a DOS box?=t00000168
3 Question A.2.8: Does PuTTY have the ability to remember my password so I don't have to type it every time?=t00000169
3 Question A.2.9: Is there an option to turn off the annoying host key prompts?=t00000170
3 Question A.2.10: Will you write an SSH server for the PuTTY suite, to go with the client?=t00000171
3 Question A.2.11: Can PSCP or PSFTP transfer files in ASCII mode?=t00000172
2 Section A.3: Ports to other operating systems
3 Section A.3: Ports to other operating systems=t00000173
3 Question A.3.1: What ports of PuTTY exist?=t00000174
3 Question A.3.2: Is there a port to Unix?=t00000175
3 Question A.3.3: What's the point of the Unix port? Unix has OpenSSH.=t00000176
3 Question A.3.4: Will there be a port to Windows CE or PocketPC?=t00000177
3 Question A.3.5: Is there a port to Windows 3.1?=t00000178
3 Question A.3.6: Will there be a port to the Mac?=t00000179
3 Question A.3.7: Will there be a port to EPOC?=t00000180
3 Question A.3.8: Will there be a port to the iPhone?=t00000181
2 Section A.4: Embedding PuTTY in other programs
3 Section A.4: Embedding PuTTY in other programs=t00000182
3 Question A.4.1: Is the SSH or Telnet code available as a DLL?=t00000183
3 Question A.4.2: Is the SSH or Telnet code available as a Visual Basic component?=t00000184
3 Question A.4.3: How can I use PuTTY to make an SSH connection from within another program?=t00000185
2 Section A.5: Details of PuTTY's operation
3 Section A.5: Details of PuTTY's operation=t00000186
3 Question A.5.1: What terminal type does PuTTY use?=t00000187
3 Question A.5.2: Where does PuTTY store its data?=t00000188
2 Section A.6: HOWTO questions
3 Section A.6: HOWTO questions=t00000189
3 Question A.6.1: What login name / password should I use?=t00000190
3 Question A.6.2: What commands can I type into my PuTTY terminal window?=t00000191
3 Question A.6.3: How can I make PuTTY start up maximised?=t00000192
3 Question A.6.4: How can I create a Windows shortcut to start a particular saved session directly?=t00000193
3 Question A.6.5: How can I start an SSH session straight from the command line?=t00000194
3 Question A.6.6: How do I copy and paste between PuTTY and other Windows applications?=t00000195
3 Question A.6.7: How do I use all PuTTY's features (public keys, proxying, cipher selection, etc.) in PSCP, PSFTP and Plink?=t00000196
3 Question A.6.8: How do I use PSCP.EXE? When I double-click it gives me a command prompt window which then closes instantly.=t00000197
3 Question A.6.9: How do I use PSCP to copy a file whose name has spaces in?=t00000198
2 Section A.7: Troubleshooting
3 Section A.7: Troubleshooting=t00000199
3 Question A.7.1: Why do I see ‘Incorrect MAC received on packet’?=t00000200
3 Question A.7.2: Why do I see ‘Fatal: Protocol error: Expected control record’ in PSCP?=t00000201
3 Question A.7.3: I clicked on a colour in the Colours panel, and the colour didn't change in my terminal.=t00000202
3 Question A.7.4: Plink on Windows 95 says it can't find WS2_32.DLL.=t00000203
3 Question A.7.5: After trying to establish an SSH-2 connection, PuTTY says ‘Out of memory’ and dies.=t00000204
3 Question A.7.6: When attempting a file transfer, either PSCP or PSFTP says ‘Out of memory’ and dies.=t00000205
3 Question A.7.7: PSFTP transfers files much slower than PSCP.=t00000206
3 Question A.7.8: When I run full-colour applications, I see areas of black space where colour ought to be, or vice versa.=t00000207
3 Question A.7.9: When I change some terminal settings, nothing happens.=t00000208
3 Question A.7.10: My PuTTY sessions unexpectedly close after they are idle for a while.=t00000209
3 Question A.7.11: PuTTY's network connections time out too quickly when network connectivity is temporarily lost.=t00000210
3 Question A.7.12: When I cat a binary file, I get ‘PuTTYPuTTYPuTTY’ on my command line.=t00000211
3 Question A.7.13: When I cat a binary file, my window title changes to a nonsense string.=t00000212
3 Question A.7.14: My keyboard stops working once PuTTY displays the password prompt.=t00000213
3 Question A.7.15: One or more function keys don't do what I expected in a server-side application.=t00000214
3 Question A.7.16: Since my SSH server was upgraded to OpenSSH 3.1p1/3.4p1, I can no longer connect with PuTTY.=t00000215
3 Question A.7.17: Why do I see ‘Couldn't load private key from ...’? Why can PuTTYgen load my key but not PuTTY?=t00000216
3 Question A.7.18: When I'm connected to a Red Hat Linux 8.0 system, some characters don't display properly.=t00000217
3 Question A.7.19: Since I upgraded to PuTTY 0.54, the scrollback has stopped working when I run screen.=t00000218
3 Question A.7.20: Since I upgraded Windows XP to Service Pack 2, I can't use addresses like 127.0.0.2.=t00000219
3 Question A.7.21: PSFTP commands seem to be missing a directory separator (slash).=t00000220
3 Question A.7.22: Do you want to hear about ‘Software caused connection abort’?=t00000221
3 Question A.7.23: My SSH-2 session locks up for a few seconds every so often.=t00000222
3 Question A.7.24: PuTTY fails to start up. Windows claims that ‘the application configuration is incorrect’.=t00000223
3 Question A.7.25: When I put PuTTY in C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32 on my 64-bit Windows system, ‘Duplicate Session’ doesn't work.=t00000224
2 Section A.8: Security questions
3 Section A.8: Security questions=t00000225
3 Question A.8.1: Is it safe for me to download PuTTY and use it on a public PC?=t00000226
3 Question A.8.2: What does PuTTY leave on a system? How can I clean up after it?=t00000227
3 Question A.8.3: How come PuTTY now supports DSA, when the website used to say how insecure it was?=t00000228
3 Question A.8.4: Couldn't Pageant use VirtualLock() to stop private keys being written to disk?=t00000229
2 Section A.9: Administrative questions
3 Section A.9: Administrative questions=t00000230
3 Question A.9.1: Would you like me to register you a nicer domain name?=t00000231
3 Question A.9.2: Would you like free web hosting for the PuTTY web site?=t00000232
3 Question A.9.3: Would you link to my web site from the PuTTY web site?=t00000233
3 Question A.9.4: Why don't you move PuTTY to SourceForge?=t00000234
3 Question A.9.5: Why can't I subscribe to the putty-bugs mailing list?=t00000235
3 Question A.9.6: If putty-bugs isn't a general-subscription mailing list, what is?=t00000236
3 Question A.9.7: How can I donate to PuTTY development?=t00000237
3 Question A.9.8: Can I have permission to put PuTTY on a cover disk / distribute it with other software / etc?=t00000238
3 Question A.9.9: Can you sign an agreement indemnifying us against security problems in PuTTY?=t00000239
3 Question A.9.10: Can you sign this form granting us permission to use/distribute PuTTY?=t00000240
3 Question A.9.11: Can you write us a formal notice of permission to use PuTTY?=t00000241
3 Question A.9.12: Can you sign anything for us?=t00000242
3 Question A.9.13: If you won't sign anything, can you give us some sort of assurance that you won't make PuTTY closed-source in future?=t00000243
3 Question A.9.14: Can you provide us with export control information / FIPS certification for PuTTY?=t00000244
3 Question A.9.15: As one of our existing software vendors, can you just fill in this questionnaire for us?=t00000245
3 Question A.9.16: The sha1sums / sha256sums / etc files on your download page don't match the binaries.=t00000246
2 Section A.10: Miscellaneous questions
3 Section A.10: Miscellaneous questions=t00000247
3 Question A.10.1: Is PuTTY a port of OpenSSH, or based on OpenSSH or OpenSSL?=t00000248
3 Question A.10.2: Where can I buy silly putty?=t00000249
3 Question A.10.3: What does ‘PuTTY’ mean?=t00000250
3 Question A.10.4: How do I pronounce ‘PuTTY’?=t00000251
1 Appendix B: Feedback and bug reporting
2 Appendix B: Feedback and bug reporting=t00000252
2 Section B.1: General guidelines
3 Section B.1: General guidelines=t00000253
3 Section B.1.1: Sending large attachments=t00000254
3 Section B.1.2: Other places to ask for help=t00000255
1 Section B.2: Reporting bugs=t00000256
1 Section B.3: Requesting extra features=t00000257
1 Section B.4: Requesting features that have already been requested=t00000258
1 Section B.5: Support requests=t00000259
1 Section B.6: Web server administration=t00000260
1 Section B.7: Asking permission for things=t00000261
1 Section B.8: Mirroring the PuTTY web site=t00000262
1 Section B.9: Praise and compliments=t00000263
1 Section B.10: E-mail address=t00000264
1 Appendix C: PuTTY Licence
2 Appendix C: PuTTY Licence=t00000265
1 Appendix D: PuTTY hacking guide
2 Appendix D: PuTTY hacking guide=t00000266
2 Section D.1: Cross-OS portability=t00000267
2 Section D.2: Multiple backends treated equally=t00000268
2 Section D.3: Multiple sessions per process on some platforms=t00000269
2 Section D.4: C, not C++=t00000270
2 Section D.5: Security-conscious coding=t00000271
2 Section D.6: Independence of specific compiler=t00000272
2 Section D.7: Small code size=t00000273
2 Section D.8: Single-threaded code=t00000274
2 Section D.9: Keystrokes sent to the server wherever possible=t00000275
2 Section D.10: 640×480 friendliness in configuration panels=t00000276
2 Section D.11: Automatically generated Makefiles=t00000277
2 Section D.12: Coroutines in ssh.c=t00000278
2 Section D.13: Single compilation of each source file=t00000279
2 Section D.14: Do as we say, not as we do=t00000280
1 Appendix E: PuTTY download keys and signatures
2 Appendix E: PuTTY download keys and signatures=pgpfingerprints
2 Section E.1: Public keys=t00000281
2 Section E.2: Security details
3 Section E.2: Security details=t00000282
3 Section E.2.1: The Development Snapshots key=t00000283
3 Section E.2.2: The Releases key=t00000284
3 Section E.2.3: The Master Keys=t00000285
1 Section E.3: Key rollover=t00000286
1 Appendix F: SSH-2 names specified for PuTTY
2 Appendix F: SSH-2 names specified for PuTTY=t00000287
2 Section F.1: Connection protocol channel request names=t00000288
2 Section F.2: Key exchange method names=t00000289
2 Section F.3: Encryption algorithm names=t00000290