OpenVDB 11.0.0

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DDA.h
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1// Copyright Contributors to the OpenVDB Project
2// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
3//
4/// @file DDA.h
5///
6/// @author Ken Museth
7///
8/// @brief Digital Differential Analyzers specialized for VDB.
9
10#ifndef OPENVDB_MATH_DDA_HAS_BEEN_INCLUDED
11#define OPENVDB_MATH_DDA_HAS_BEEN_INCLUDED
12
13#include "Coord.h"
14#include "Math.h"
15#include "Vec3.h"
16#include <openvdb/Types.h>
17#include <iostream> // for std::ostream
18#include <limits> // for std::numeric_limits<Type>::max()
19
20 namespace openvdb {
21 OPENVDB_USE_VERSION_NAMESPACE
22 namespace OPENVDB_VERSION_NAME {
23 namespace math {
24
25/// @brief A Digital Differential Analyzer specialized for OpenVDB grids
26/// @note Conceptually similar to Bresenham's line algorithm applied
27/// to a 3D Ray intersecting OpenVDB nodes or voxels. Log2Dim = 0
28/// corresponds to a voxel and Log2Dim a tree node of size 2^Log2Dim.
29///
30/// @note The Ray template class is expected to have the following
31/// methods: test(time), t0(), t1(), invDir(), and operator()(time).
32/// See the example Ray class above for their definition.
33 template<typename RayT, Index Log2Dim = 0>
34 class DDA
35{
36 public:
37 using RealType = typename RayT::RealType;
38 using RealT = RealType;
39 using Vec3Type = typename RayT::Vec3Type;
40 using Vec3T = Vec3Type;
41
42 /// @brief uninitialized constructor
43 DDA() {}
44
45 DDA(const RayT& ray) { this->init(ray); }
46
47 DDA(const RayT& ray, RealT startTime) { this->init(ray, startTime); }
48
49 DDA(const RayT& ray, RealT startTime, RealT maxTime) { this->init(ray, startTime, maxTime); }
50
51 inline void init(const RayT& ray, RealT startTime, RealT maxTime)
52 {
53 assert(startTime <= maxTime);
54 static const int DIM = 1 << Log2Dim;
55 mT0 = startTime;
56 mT1 = maxTime;
57 const Vec3T &pos = ray(mT0), &dir = ray.dir(), &inv = ray.invDir();
58 mVoxel = Coord::floor(pos) & (~(DIM-1));
59 for (int axis = 0; axis < 3; ++axis) {
60 if (math::isZero(dir[axis])) {//handles dir = +/- 0
61 mStep[axis] = 0;//dummy value
62 mNext[axis] = std::numeric_limits<RealT>::max();//i.e. disabled!
63 mDelta[axis] = std::numeric_limits<RealT>::max();//dummy value
64 } else if (inv[axis] > 0) {
65 mStep[axis] = DIM;
66 mNext[axis] = mT0 + (mVoxel[axis] + DIM - pos[axis]) * inv[axis];
67 mDelta[axis] = mStep[axis] * inv[axis];
68 } else {
69 mStep[axis] = -DIM;
70 mNext[axis] = mT0 + (mVoxel[axis] - pos[axis]) * inv[axis];
71 mDelta[axis] = mStep[axis] * inv[axis];
72 }
73 }
74 }
75
76 inline void init(const RayT& ray) { this->init(ray, ray.t0(), ray.t1()); }
77
78 inline void init(const RayT& ray, RealT startTime) { this->init(ray, startTime, ray.t1()); }
79
80 /// @brief Increment the voxel index to next intersected voxel or node
81 /// and returns true if the step in time does not exceed maxTime.
82 inline bool step()
83 {
84 const int stepAxis = static_cast<int>(math::MinIndex(mNext));
85 mT0 = mNext[stepAxis];
86 mNext[stepAxis] += mDelta[stepAxis];
87 mVoxel[stepAxis] += mStep[stepAxis];
88 return mT0 <= mT1;
89 }
90
91 /// @brief Return the index coordinates of the next node or voxel
92 /// intersected by the ray. If Log2Dim = 0 the return value is the
93 /// actual signed coordinate of the voxel, else it is the origin
94 /// of the corresponding VDB tree node or tile.
95 /// @note Incurs no computational overhead.
96 inline const Coord& voxel() const { return mVoxel; }
97
98 /// @brief Return the time (parameterized along the Ray) of the
99 /// first hit of a tree node of size 2^Log2Dim.
100 /// @details This value is initialized to startTime or ray.t0()
101 /// depending on the constructor used.
102 /// @note Incurs no computational overhead.
103 inline RealType time() const { return mT0; }
104
105 /// @brief Return the maximum time (parameterized along the Ray).
106 inline RealType maxTime() const { return mT1; }
107
108 /// @brief Return the time (parameterized along the Ray) of the
109 /// second (i.e. next) hit of a tree node of size 2^Log2Dim.
110 /// @note Incurs a (small) computational overhead.
111 inline RealType next() const { return math::Min(mT1, mNext[0], mNext[1], mNext[2]); }
112
113 /// @brief Print information about this DDA for debugging.
114 /// @param os a stream to which to write textual information.
115 void print(std::ostream& os = std::cout) const
116 {
117 os << "Dim=" << (1<<Log2Dim) << " time=" << mT0 << " next()="
118 << this->next() << " voxel=" << mVoxel << " next=" << mNext
119 << " delta=" << mDelta << " step=" << mStep << std::endl;
120 }
121
122 private:
123 RealT mT0, mT1;
124 Coord mVoxel, mStep;
125 Vec3T mDelta, mNext;
126}; // class DDA
127
128/// @brief Output streaming of the Ray class.
129/// @note Primarily intended for debugging.
130 template<typename RayT, Index Log2Dim>
131 inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const DDA<RayT, Log2Dim>& dda)
132{
133 os << "Dim=" << (1<<Log2Dim) << " time=" << dda.time()
134 << " next()=" << dda.next() << " voxel=" << dda.voxel();
135 return os;
136}
137
138/////////////////////////////////////////// LevelSetHDDA ////////////////////////////////////////////
139
140
141/// @brief Helper class that implements Hierarchical Digital Differential Analyzers
142/// and is specialized for ray intersections with level sets
143 template<typename TreeT, int NodeLevel>
144 struct LevelSetHDDA
145{
146 using ChainT = typename TreeT::RootNodeType::NodeChainType;
147 using NodeT = typename ChainT::template Get<NodeLevel>;
148
149 template <typename TesterT>
150 static bool test(TesterT& tester)
151 {
152 math::DDA<typename TesterT::RayT, NodeT::TOTAL> dda(tester.ray());
153 do {
154 if (tester.template hasNode<NodeT>(dda.voxel())) {
155 tester.setRange(dda.time(), dda.next());
156 if (LevelSetHDDA<TreeT, NodeLevel-1>::test(tester)) return true;
157 }
158 } while(dda.step());
159 return false;
160 }
161};
162
163/// @brief Specialization of Hierarchical Digital Differential Analyzer
164/// class that intersects a ray against the voxels of a level set
165 template<typename TreeT>
166 struct LevelSetHDDA<TreeT, -1>
167{
168 template <typename TesterT>
169 static bool test(TesterT& tester)
170 {
171 math::DDA<typename TesterT::RayT, 0> dda(tester.ray());
172 tester.init(dda.time());
173 do { if (tester(dda.voxel(), dda.next())) return true; } while(dda.step());
174 return false;
175 }
176};
177
178//////////////////////////////////////////// VolumeHDDA /////////////////////////////////////////////
179
180/// @brief Helper class that implements Hierarchical Digital Differential Analyzers
181/// for ray intersections against a generic volume.
182///
183/// @details The template argument ChildNodeLevel specifies the entry
184/// upper node level used for the hierarchical ray-marching. The final
185/// lowest level is always the leaf node level, i.e. not the voxel level!
186 template <typename TreeT, typename RayT, int ChildNodeLevel>
187 class VolumeHDDA
188{
189 public:
190
191 using ChainT = typename TreeT::RootNodeType::NodeChainType;
192 using NodeT = typename ChainT::template Get<ChildNodeLevel>;
193 using TimeSpanT = typename RayT::TimeSpan;
194
195 VolumeHDDA() {}
196
197 template <typename AccessorT>
198 TimeSpanT march(RayT& ray, AccessorT &acc)
199 {
200 TimeSpanT t(-1, -1);
201 if (ray.valid()) this->march(ray, acc, t);
202 return t;
203 }
204
205 /// ListType is a list of RayType::TimeSpan and is required to
206 /// have the two methods: clear() and push_back(). Thus, it could
207 /// be std::vector<typename RayType::TimeSpan> or
208 /// std::deque<typename RayType::TimeSpan>.
209 template <typename AccessorT, typename ListT>
210 void hits(RayT& ray, AccessorT &acc, ListT& times)
211 {
212 TimeSpanT t(-1,-1);
213 times.clear();
214 this->hits(ray, acc, times, t);
215 if (t.valid()) times.push_back(t);
216 }
217
218 private:
219
220 friend class VolumeHDDA<TreeT, RayT, ChildNodeLevel+1>;
221
222 template <typename AccessorT>
223 bool march(RayT& ray, AccessorT &acc, TimeSpanT& t)
224 {
225 mDDA.init(ray);
226 do {
227 if (acc.template probeConstNode<NodeT>(mDDA.voxel()) != nullptr) {//child node
228 ray.setTimes(mDDA.time(), mDDA.next());
229 if (mHDDA.march(ray, acc, t)) return true;//terminate
230 } else if (acc.isValueOn(mDDA.voxel())) {//hit an active tile
231 if (t.t0<0) t.t0 = mDDA.time();//this is the first hit so set t0
232 } else if (t.t0>=0) {//hit an inactive tile after hitting active values
233 t.t1 = mDDA.time();//set end of active ray segment
234 if (t.valid()) return true;//terminate
235 t.set(-1, -1);//reset to an empty and invalid time-span
236 }
237 } while (mDDA.step());
238 if (t.t0>=0) t.t1 = mDDA.maxTime();
239 return false;
240 }
241
242 /// ListType is a list of RayType::TimeSpan and is required to
243 /// have the two methods: clear() and push_back(). Thus, it could
244 /// be std::vector<typename RayType::TimeSpan> or
245 /// std::deque<typename RayType::TimeSpan>.
246 template <typename AccessorT, typename ListT>
247 void hits(RayT& ray, AccessorT &acc, ListT& times, TimeSpanT& t)
248 {
249 mDDA.init(ray);
250 do {
251 if (acc.template probeConstNode<NodeT>(mDDA.voxel()) != nullptr) {//child node
252 ray.setTimes(mDDA.time(), mDDA.next());
253 mHDDA.hits(ray, acc, times, t);
254 } else if (acc.isValueOn(mDDA.voxel())) {//hit an active tile
255 if (t.t0<0) t.t0 = mDDA.time();//this is the first hit so set t0
256 } else if (t.t0>=0) {//hit an inactive tile after hitting active values
257 t.t1 = mDDA.time();//set end of active ray segment
258 if (t.valid()) times.push_back(t);
259 t.set(-1,-1);//reset to an empty and invalid time-span
260 }
261 } while (mDDA.step());
262 if (t.t0>=0) t.t1 = mDDA.maxTime();
263 }
264
265 math::DDA<RayT, NodeT::TOTAL> mDDA;
266 VolumeHDDA<TreeT, RayT, ChildNodeLevel-1> mHDDA;
267};
268
269/// @brief Specialization of Hierarchical Digital Differential Analyzer
270/// class that intersects against the leafs or tiles of a generic volume.
271 template <typename TreeT, typename RayT>
272 class VolumeHDDA<TreeT, RayT, 0>
273{
274 public:
275
276 using LeafT = typename TreeT::LeafNodeType;
277 using TimeSpanT = typename RayT::TimeSpan;
278
279 VolumeHDDA() {}
280
281 template <typename AccessorT>
282 TimeSpanT march(RayT& ray, AccessorT &acc)
283 {
284 TimeSpanT t(-1, -1);
285 if (ray.valid()) this->march(ray, acc, t);
286 return t;
287 }
288
289 template <typename AccessorT, typename ListT>
290 void hits(RayT& ray, AccessorT &acc, ListT& times)
291 {
292 TimeSpanT t(-1,-1);
293 times.clear();
294 this->hits(ray, acc, times, t);
295 if (t.valid()) times.push_back(t);
296 }
297
298 private:
299
300 friend class VolumeHDDA<TreeT, RayT, 1>;
301
302 template <typename AccessorT>
303 bool march(RayT& ray, AccessorT &acc, TimeSpanT& t)
304 {
305 mDDA.init(ray);
306 do {
307 if (acc.template probeConstNode<LeafT>(mDDA.voxel()) ||
308 acc.isValueOn(mDDA.voxel())) {//hit a leaf or an active tile
309 if (t.t0<0) t.t0 = mDDA.time();//this is the first hit
310 } else if (t.t0>=0) {//hit an inactive tile after hitting active values
311 t.t1 = mDDA.time();//set end of active ray segment
312 if (t.valid()) return true;//terminate
313 t.set(-1, -1);//reset to an empty and invalid time-span
314 }
315 } while (mDDA.step());
316 if (t.t0>=0) t.t1 = mDDA.maxTime();
317 return false;
318 }
319
320 template <typename AccessorT, typename ListT>
321 void hits(RayT& ray, AccessorT &acc, ListT& times, TimeSpanT& t)
322 {
323 mDDA.init(ray);
324 do {
325 if (acc.template probeConstNode<LeafT>(mDDA.voxel()) ||
326 acc.isValueOn(mDDA.voxel())) {//hit a leaf or an active tile
327 if (t.t0<0) t.t0 = mDDA.time();//this is the first hit
328 } else if (t.t0>=0) {//hit an inactive tile after hitting active values
329 t.t1 = mDDA.time();//set end of active ray segment
330 if (t.valid()) times.push_back(t);
331 t.set(-1, -1);//reset to an empty and invalid time-span
332 }
333 } while (mDDA.step());
334 if (t.t0>=0) t.t1 = mDDA.maxTime();
335 }
336 math::DDA<RayT, LeafT::TOTAL> mDDA;
337};
338
339} // namespace math
340} // namespace OPENVDB_VERSION_NAME
341} // namespace openvdb
342
343#endif // OPENVDB_MATH_DDA_HAS_BEEN_INCLUDED
Coord.h
Math.h
General-purpose arithmetic and comparison routines, most of which accept arbitrary value types (or at...
Vec3.h
openvdb::v11_0::math::Coord
Signed (x, y, z) 32-bit integer coordinates.
Definition Coord.h:25
openvdb::v11_0::math::DDA
A Digital Differential Analyzer specialized for OpenVDB grids.
Definition DDA.h:35
openvdb::v11_0::math::DDA::step
bool step()
Increment the voxel index to next intersected voxel or node and returns true if the step in time does...
Definition DDA.h:82
openvdb::v11_0::math::DDA::voxel
const Coord & voxel() const
Return the index coordinates of the next node or voxel intersected by the ray. If Log2Dim = 0 the ret...
Definition DDA.h:96
openvdb::v11_0::math::DDA::DDA
DDA(const RayT &ray)
Definition DDA.h:45
openvdb::v11_0::math::DDA::DDA
DDA(const RayT &ray, RealT startTime)
Definition DDA.h:47
openvdb::v11_0::math::DDA::DDA
DDA(const RayT &ray, RealT startTime, RealT maxTime)
Definition DDA.h:49
openvdb::v11_0::math::DDA::RealT
RealType RealT
Definition DDA.h:38
openvdb::v11_0::math::DDA::next
RealType next() const
Return the time (parameterized along the Ray) of the second (i.e. next) hit of a tree node of size 2^...
Definition DDA.h:111
openvdb::v11_0::math::DDA::maxTime
RealType maxTime() const
Return the maximum time (parameterized along the Ray).
Definition DDA.h:106
openvdb::v11_0::math::DDA::init
void init(const RayT &ray)
Definition DDA.h:76
openvdb::v11_0::math::DDA::init
void init(const RayT &ray, RealT startTime)
Definition DDA.h:78
openvdb::v11_0::math::DDA::Vec3T
Vec3Type Vec3T
Definition DDA.h:40
openvdb::v11_0::math::DDA::init
void init(const RayT &ray, RealT startTime, RealT maxTime)
Definition DDA.h:51
openvdb::v11_0::math::DDA::DDA
DDA()
uninitialized constructor
Definition DDA.h:43
openvdb::v11_0::math::DDA::Vec3Type
typename RayT::Vec3Type Vec3Type
Definition DDA.h:39
openvdb::v11_0::math::DDA::RealType
typename RayT::RealType RealType
Definition DDA.h:37
openvdb::v11_0::math::DDA::print
void print(std::ostream &os=std::cout) const
Print information about this DDA for debugging.
Definition DDA.h:115
openvdb::v11_0::math::DDA::time
RealType time() const
Return the time (parameterized along the Ray) of the first hit of a tree node of size 2^Log2Dim.
Definition DDA.h:103
openvdb::v11_0::math::VolumeHDDA< TreeT, RayT, 0 >::TimeSpanT
typename RayT::TimeSpan TimeSpanT
Definition DDA.h:277
openvdb::v11_0::math::VolumeHDDA< TreeT, RayT, 0 >::LeafT
typename TreeT::LeafNodeType LeafT
Definition DDA.h:276
openvdb::v11_0::math::VolumeHDDA< TreeT, RayT, 0 >::VolumeHDDA
VolumeHDDA()
Definition DDA.h:279
openvdb::v11_0::math::VolumeHDDA< TreeT, RayT, 0 >::march
TimeSpanT march(RayT &ray, AccessorT &acc)
Definition DDA.h:282
openvdb::v11_0::math::VolumeHDDA< TreeT, RayT, 0 >::hits
void hits(RayT &ray, AccessorT &acc, ListT &times)
Definition DDA.h:290
openvdb::v11_0::math::VolumeHDDA
Helper class that implements Hierarchical Digital Differential Analyzers for ray intersections agains...
Definition DDA.h:188
openvdb::v11_0::math::VolumeHDDA::TimeSpanT
typename RayT::TimeSpan TimeSpanT
Definition DDA.h:193
openvdb::v11_0::math::VolumeHDDA::VolumeHDDA
VolumeHDDA()
Definition DDA.h:195
openvdb::v11_0::math::VolumeHDDA::march
TimeSpanT march(RayT &ray, AccessorT &acc)
Definition DDA.h:198
openvdb::v11_0::math::VolumeHDDA::NodeT
typename ChainT::template Get< ChildNodeLevel > NodeT
Definition DDA.h:192
openvdb::v11_0::math::VolumeHDDA::hits
void hits(RayT &ray, AccessorT &acc, ListT &times)
Definition DDA.h:210
openvdb::v11_0::math::VolumeHDDA::ChainT
typename TreeT::RootNodeType::NodeChainType ChainT
Definition DDA.h:191
openvdb::v11_0::operator<<
std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream &ostr, const Metadata &metadata)
Write a Metadata to an output stream.
Definition Metadata.h:351
openvdb
Definition Exceptions.h:13
Types.h
openvdb::v11_0::math::LevelSetHDDA< TreeT, -1 >::test
static bool test(TesterT &tester)
Definition DDA.h:169
openvdb::v11_0::math::LevelSetHDDA
Helper class that implements Hierarchical Digital Differential Analyzers and is specialized for ray i...
Definition DDA.h:145
openvdb::v11_0::math::LevelSetHDDA::NodeT
typename ChainT::template Get< NodeLevel > NodeT
Definition DDA.h:147
openvdb::v11_0::math::LevelSetHDDA::test
static bool test(TesterT &tester)
Definition DDA.h:150
openvdb::v11_0::math::LevelSetHDDA::ChainT
typename TreeT::RootNodeType::NodeChainType ChainT
Definition DDA.h:146
OPENVDB_VERSION_NAME
#define OPENVDB_VERSION_NAME
The version namespace name for this library version.
Definition version.h.in:121
OPENVDB_USE_VERSION_NAMESPACE
#define OPENVDB_USE_VERSION_NAMESPACE
Definition version.h.in:212