## ----echo = FALSE-------------------------------------------------------------
knitr::opts_chunk$set(
  fig.width  = 7,
  fig.height = 4,
  fig.align  = 'center'
)
oldpar <- list(mar = par()$mar, mfrow = par()$mfrow)

## -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
library(vioplot)
library(robustHD)
library(classmap)

## -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
set.seed(1)
dat1 <- rnorm(120, 0, 2.5)
dat2 <- c(rnorm(80, -3, 1), rnorm(40, 3, 1))
dat3 <- c(rnorm(25, -4, 0.8), rnorm(50, 0, 0.8), rnorm(40, 4, 0.8))
xlist <- list(Unimodal = dat1, Bimodal = dat2, Multimodal = dat3)

## -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
bixout <- bixplot(xlist, main = "bixplot")

## -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
bixout

## ----fig.width = 8, fig.height = 4--------------------------------------------
ylim <- c(-8.5, 9)
par(las = 1, mfrow = c(1, 2))
par(mar = c(2.1, 2.2, 1.7, 2))
viocol <- adjustcolor("chocolate3", alpha.f = 0.5)
vioplot::vioplot(xlist, ylim = ylim, main = "", col = viocol)
title(main = "violin plot", line = 0.5, cex.main = 1)
par(mar = c(2.1, 2.2, 1.7, 0.2))
bixplot(xlist, ylim = ylim, main = "")
title(main = "bixplot", line = 0.5, cex.main = 1)
par(oldpar)

## ----fig.width = 10, fig.height = 7-------------------------------------------
data("data_latenc")
dim(data_latenc) # 40 rows, 3 columns

par(las = 1, mfrow = c(2, 2))
mar1 <- c(2.1, 2.4, 2.3, 2)
mar2 <- c(2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 0.2)
viocol <- adjustcolor("chocolate3", alpha.f = 0.5)

par(mar = mar1)
vioplot::vioplot(data_latenc, main = "", col = viocol)
title(main = "violin plot", cex.main = 1.2, line = 0.6)

par(mar = mar2)
mymodeCol <- c("cadetblue3", "hotpink2")
bixplot(data_latenc, main = "", cutmin = 0, cutmax = 300,
        ylim = c(0, 300), modeCol = mymodeCol)
title(main = "bixplot", cex.main = 1.2, line = 0.6)

# Score the islands in a meaningful order
islandscore <- rep(NA, length(penguins$island))
islandscore[penguins$island == "Torgersen"] <- 1
islandscore[penguins$island == "Biscoe"]    <- 2
islandscore[penguins$island == "Dream"]     <- 3
ylim <- c(29, 62)

par(mar = mar1)
vioplot::vioplot(bill_len ~ reorder(island, islandscore, mean),
                 data = penguins, main = "",
                 col = viocol, xlab = "", ylab = "",
                 ylim = ylim, cex.axis = 1)
title(main = "violin plot", cex.main = 1.2, line = 0.6)

par(mar = mar2)
bixplot(bill_len ~ reorder(island, islandscore, mean),
        data = penguins, main = "", ylim = ylim,
        bodyCol = "gray40", bodyOpaque = 0.3)
title(main = "bixplot", cex.main = 1.2, line = 0.6)
par(oldpar)

## ----fig.width = 10, fig.height = 5-------------------------------------------
par(mfrow = c(1, 2))
par(mar = c(4, 2, 2, 0.1))

diris <- data.frame(scale(iris[, 1:4]))
colnames(diris) <- c("Sepal.L", "Sepal.W", "Petal.L", "Petal.W")

mymodeCol <- c("cadetblue3", "hotpink2",
               "cadetblue3", "hotpink2",
               "lawngreen")
bixplot(diris, main = "", cut = 3, col = "gray75",
        bodyOpaque = 0.6, rugW = 0.16,
        rugoutCol = "red", curveLwd = 0.5,
        modeCol = mymodeCol,
        ylim = c(-3.6, 4.2), yaxs = "i",
        xlab = "standardized variables")
title(main = "bixplot display of iris data", cex.main = 1, line = 0.7)

## ----fig.width = 5, fig.height = 5--------------------------------------------
par(mar = c(4, 4, 2, 0.2))
x <- diris$Petal.L
y <- diris$Petal.W
xlim <- c(-2.3, 2.4)
ylim <- c(-2.2, 2.4)
xyratio <- (xlim[2] - xlim[1]) / (ylim[2] - ylim[1])

plot(x, y, xlim = xlim, ylim = ylim, pch = 16,
     xlab = "", ylab = "", xaxs = "i", yaxs = "i")
title(xlab = "Petal.L", line = 2)
title(ylab = "Petal.W", line = 2)
title(main = "petal length versus petal width", cex.main = 1, line = 0.7)

bixplot(x, add = TRUE, horizontal = TRUE,
        at = ylim[1] + 0.015, cutmin = xlim[1],
        boxwex = 0.9, curveLwd = 0.5,
        border = "black", side = "second",
        bodyOpaque = 0.6)
bixplot(y, add = TRUE, horizontal = FALSE,
        at = xlim[1] + 0.015, cutmin = ylim[1],
        boxwex = xyratio * 0.9,
        modeCol = c("cadetblue3", "hotpink2", "lawngreen"),
        curveLwd = 0.5, side = "second",
        bodyOpaque = 0.6)
par(oldpar)

## ----fig.width = 6, fig.height = 2.4------------------------------------------
par(mfrow = c(1, 3))
par(mar = c(2.5, 2, 2, 1))

for (bs in c("width_is_constant", "area_is_constant", "area_from_count")) {
  bixplot(diris[, 3], main = "", cut = 3, col = "gray75",
          bodyOpaque = 0.5, bodysize = bs, curveLwd = 0.5,
          ylim = c(-2.2, 2.4), yaxs = "i", names = "Petal.L")
  title(main = switch(bs,
                      width_is_constant = "equal width",
                      area_is_constant  = "equal area",
                      area_from_count   = "area from count"),
        cex.main = 1, line = 0.7)
}
par(oldpar)

## ----fig.width = 12, fig.height = 6-------------------------------------------
par(las = 1, mfrow = c(1, 2))

islscore <- rep(NA, length(penguins$island))
islscore[penguins$island == "Torgersen"] <- 1
islscore[penguins$island == "Biscoe"]    <- 2
islscore[penguins$island == "Dream"]     <- 3
ylim    <- c(27, 64)
mynames <- c("Torger.F", "Torger.M", "Biscoe.F",
             "Biscoe.M", "Dream.F",  "Dream.M")
mycol      <- c("slateblue2", "orange")
mymodeCol  <- c("darkorchid1", "slateblue3",
                "goldenrod1",  "darkorange2")

par(mar = c(2.9, 2, 0.8, 1))
bixplot(bill_len ~ sex + reorder(island, islscore, mean),
        data = penguins, names = mynames, modeCol = mymodeCol,
        bodyOpaque = 0.6, ylim = ylim, bodyW = 0.9,
        col = mycol, main = "", rugCol = "black", las = 1)
legend("topleft", legend = c("female", "male"),
       fill = c("slateblue3", "orange"), cex = 1.5)

par(mar = c(2.9, 3, 0.8, 0.1))
bixplot(bill_len ~ sex + reorder(island, islscore, mean),
        data = penguins, main = "", rugCol = "black",
        bodyOpaque = 0.6, ylim = ylim, bodyW = 0.9,
        col = mycol, stickCol = "gray10", stickLwd = 1,
        side = "both", modeCol = mymodeCol, las = 1,
        names = c("Torgersen", "Biscoe", "Dream"))
legend("topleft", legend = c("female", "male"),
       fill = mycol, cex = 1.5)
par(oldpar)

## ----fig.width = 5, fig.height = 5--------------------------------------------
par(las = 1, mfrow = c(1, 1))
par(mar = c(3.2, 3.2, 2, 2.6))

scpenguins <- scale(penguins[, c(4, 3, 5)])
varnames   <- c("bill_depth", "bill_length", "flipper_length")

bixplot(scpenguins, rugNumeric = penguins$body_mass,
        main = "", boxW = 0.30, rugW = 0.24,
        names = varnames, boxLwd = 1.2, boxOpaque = 1,
        curveLwd = 2, colorbarW = 0.16, cex.colorbar = 0.8,
        bodysize = "width_is_constant",
        bodyCol = "grey90", modeCol = "grey90",
        xlab = "feature", ylab = "standardized value")
title(main = "penguins with rug color by body_mass       ",
      line = 0.6)
par(oldpar)

## ----fig.width = 5, fig.height = 5--------------------------------------------
par(mfrow = c(1, 1))
par(mar = c(3.2, 3.8, 2, 0.2))

rugFactorColors <- c("red", "blue", "forestgreen")

bixplot(scpenguins, rugFactor = penguins$species,
        main = "", boxW = 0.30, rugW = 0.24,
        ylim = c(-3, 4), names = varnames,
        boxLwd = 1.2, boxOpaque = 1, curveLwd = 2,
        horizontal = TRUE, bodysize = "width_is_constant",
        bodyCol = "grey90", modeCol = "grey90",
        xlab = "standardized value", ylab = "feature",
        rugFactorColors = rugFactorColors, las = 0)
title(main = "penguins with rug color by species", line = 0.6)
legend(x = 2.36, y = 2.8,
       legend = c("Adelie", "Chinstrap", "Gentoo"),
       fill = rugFactorColors, cex = 0.88)
par(oldpar)

## -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
data(TopGear, package = "robustHD")
scars        <- TopGear[, c(14, 12, 5, 7, 8)]
scars[, 3]   <- log(scars[, 3])
colnames(scars)[3] <- "log(Price)"
scars[, 1:4] <- scale(scars[, 1:4])

## -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
bixplot(scars[, 1:4])

## -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
which.min(TopGear$Weight) # row 199
TopGear[199, c(1, 2, 14, 12, 5, 7)]

## -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
scars[199, 1] <- NA
bixplot(scars[, 1:4])

## -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
which.min(TopGear$TopSpeed) # row 220
TopGear[220, c(1, 2, 14, 12, 5, 7)]

## ----fig.width = 11, fig.height = 5.5-----------------------------------------
par(las = 1, mfrow = c(1, 2))
par(mar = c(4, 2, 2, 0.1))

bixplot(scars[, 1:4], ylim = c(-3.8, 5.2), main = "",
        col = "darkgoldenrod2", yaxs = "i",
        modeCol = c("cadetblue3", "hotpink2"),
        bodyOpaque = 0.6, las = 1)
title(main = "standardized Top Gear variables",
      cex.main = 1, line = 0.7)

par(mar = c(4, 4, 2, 0.1))
x <- jitter(scars[, 4])
y <- jitter(scars[, 2])
mycol <- rep(NA, nrow(scars))
mycol[scars[, 5] == "Front"] <- "red"
mycol[scars[, 5] == "Rear"]  <- "forestgreen"
mycol[scars[, 5] == "4WD"]   <- "orange"

plot(x, y, xlim = c(-1.999, 3.999), ylim = c(-2.999, 4.5),
     xaxs = "i", yaxs = "i", xlab = "", ylab = "",
     pch = 16, cex = 1, col = mycol, las = 1)
title(xlab = "Displacement", line = 2)
title(ylab = "TopSpeed",     line = 2)
title(main = "TopSpeed versus Displacement",
      cex.main = 1, line = 0.7)

bixplot(scars[, 4], add = TRUE, at = -2.98, horizontal = TRUE,
        side = "second", boxwex = 2, bodyOpaque = 0.6)
bixplot(scars[, 2], add = TRUE, at = -1.985, horizontal = FALSE,
        side = "second", boxwex = 1.4, bodyOpaque = 0.6)

legend(x = -1.5, y = 4, title = "DriveWheel",
       legend = c("Front", "Rear", "4WD"),
       fill = c("red", "forestgreen", "orange"), cex = 1)
par(oldpar)

## ----fig.width = 9.2, fig.height = 4.6----------------------------------------
par(las = 0, mfrow = c(1, 2))
par(mar = c(3.5, 2, 2, 1))

bixplot(len ~ supp * dose,
        data = ToothGrowth, side = "both",
        col = c("orange", "slateblue3"),
        main = "", xlab = "Vitamin C dose (mg)",
        ylab = "tooth length", bodyOpaque = 0.7,
        ylim = c(-1, 44), yaxs = "i", las = 0,
        stickCol = "black", stickLwd = 1)
title(main = "guinea pigs' tooth growth by supplement type",
      cex.main = 1, line = 0.7)
legend("topleft", title = "supplement",
       legend = c("OJ", "AA"),
       fill = c("orange", "slateblue3"), cex = 1)

par(mar = c(3.5, 2.8, 2, 0.1))
diris <- data.frame(scale(iris[, 1:4]))
colnames(diris) <- c("Sepal.L", "Sepal.W", "Petal.L", "Petal.W")

bixplot(diris, side = "both", main = "",
        bodysize = "width_is_constant",
        col = c("orange", "slateblue3"),
        modeCol = c("cadetblue3", "hotpink2",
                    "lawngreen", "gray60", "cyan3"),
        stickCol = "red", stickLwd = 1,
        bodyOpaque = 0.7, las = 0,
        xlab = "standardized measurements")
title(main = "iris data by length and width",
      cex.main = 1, line = 0.7)
legend("top", legend = c("length", "width"),
       fill = c("orange", "slateblue3"), cex = 1)
par(oldpar)

## ----fig.width = 5.5, fig.height = 5------------------------------------------
par(las = 1, mfrow = c(1, 1))
par(mar = c(2.2, 2.2, 2, 2.6))

bixplot(diris, main = "",
        rugNumeric = iris$Sepal.Length, colorbarW = 0.15,
        bodyCol = "grey80", modeCol = "grey80", las = 1)
title(main = "iris data with rug color by sepal length      ",
      line = 0.6)
par(oldpar)

## ----fig.width = 5, fig.height = 5--------------------------------------------
par(las = 1, mfrow = c(1, 1))
par(mar = c(2.2, 2.2, 2, 0.2))

rugFactorColors <- c("red", "blue", "forestgreen")
bixplot(diris, main = "", rugFactor = iris$Species,
        bodyCol = "grey80", modeCol = "grey80",
        rugFactorColors = rugFactorColors, las = 1)
title(main = "iris data with rug color by species", line = 0.6)
legend("topright",
       legend = c("setosa", "versicolor", "virginica"),
       fill = rugFactorColors, cex = 1)
par(oldpar)

## -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
data(data_titanic, package = "classmap")
titanic         <- data_titanic[1:100, ]
titanic$logFare <- log(titanic$Fare + 1)
titanic$Pclass  <- as.factor(titanic$Pclass)
titanic[, c(5, 14)] <- scale(titanic[, c(5, 14)])

xt <- list(titanic[titanic$y == "casualty",  5],
           titanic[titanic$y == "survived",  5],
           titanic[titanic$y == "casualty",  14],
           titanic[titanic$y == "survived",  14])
names(xt) <- c("standardized Age.C",
               "standardized Age.S",
               "standardized log(Fare).C",
               "standardized log(Fare).S")

## ----fig.width = 9.2, fig.height = 4.6----------------------------------------
par(las = 1, mfrow = c(1, 2))
par(mar = c(2.4, 2, 2, 1))

mycol <- c("coral2", "cadetblue3")

bixplot(xt, side = "both", main = "", col = mycol,
        stickLwd = 1, stickCol = "purple",
        boxW = 0.18, rugW = 0.10, las = 1)
title(main = "Titanic data by survival", line = 0.6)
legend("top", legend = c("casualty", "survived"),
       fill = mycol, cex = 0.9)

par(mar = c(2.4, 3, 2, 0.1))
bixplot(titanic[, c(5, 14)], main = "",
        rugFactor = titanic$Pclass, boxW = c(0.22, 0.18),
        names = c("standardized Age",
                  "standardized log(Fare)"), las = 1)
title(main = "Titanic data by cabin class", line = 0.6)
legend("top", title = "cabin class",
       legend = c("1", "2", "3"),
       fill = c("red", "blue", "forestgreen"), cex = 0.9)
par(oldpar)